Bridging to transplantation in acute liver failure in a 7-month-old infant.

Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) in children is a rare but often fatal event. At present, liver transplantation is the only successful therapy in most cases. In the face of deteriorating hepatic encephalopathy in these children, some bridging therapy using artificial detoxification can be necessary to enable successful transplantation.

Quantitative electroencephalography values of neonates during and after venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and permanent ligation of right common carotid artery.

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in neonates commonly needs neck vessel cannulation leading to ligation of right common carotid artery (RCCA) in some cases. Quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) measurements provide reproducible data of cerebral function. The aim of this case-control study was to test whether ligation of the RCCA results in EEG changes after ECMO weaning.

Surfactant application during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation improves lung volume and pulmonary mechanics in children with respiratory failure.

Introduction: This study was performed to determine whether surfactant application during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) improves lung volume, pulmonary mechanics, and chest radiographic findings in children with respiratory failure or after cardiac surgery.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review study in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Seven patients received surfactant before weaning from ECMO was started (group S).

Predictors of mortality at initiation of peritoneal dialysis in children after cardiac surgery.

Background: The development of renal dysfunction in the postoperative course of cardiac surgery is still associated with high mortality in pediatric patients. In particular for small infants peritoneal dialysis offers a secure and useful treatment option. The aim of the present study was to investigate if routinely used laboratory and clinical variables could help predict mortality at initiation of peritoneal dialysis.

Early postoperative prediction of cerebral damage after pediatric cardiac surgery.

Background: Cerebral damage is a serious complication of pediatric cardiac surgery. Early prediction of actual risk can be useful in counseling of parents, and in early diagnosis and rehabilitation therapy. Also, if all children at risk could be identified therapeutic strategies to limit perioperative cerebral damage might be developed.