Papillary and reticular fibroblasts generate distinct microenvironments that differentially impact angiogenesis.

Papillary and reticular dermis show distinct extracellular matrix (ECM) and vascularization corresponding to their specific functions. These characteristics are associated with gene expression patterns of fibroblasts freshly isolated from their native microenvironment. In order to assess the relevance of these fibroblast subpopulations in a tissue engineering context, we investigated their contribution to matrix production and vascularization using cell sheet culture conditions.

Sildenafil citrate for penile hemodynamic determination: an alternative to intracavernosal agents in Doppler ultrasound evaluation of erectile dysfunction.

Objectives: To suggest a new noninvasive method for penile Doppler ultrasound (PDU) evaluation of erectile dysfunction using oral sildenafil citrate as an erection induction agent.

Methods: A total of 20 patients admitted with the complaint of erectile dysfunction were evaluated by the short form of the International Index of Erectile Function. A total score of less than 25 was accepted as erectile dysfunction and PDU was performed.