Efficient Second Harmonic Generation via Plasmonic-Photonic Mode Matching in Hybrid Waveguide.

Hybrid nonlinear plasmonic waveguides, characterized by a small mode area and large nonlinear susceptibility, present an intriguing and practical platform for the minimization of nonlinear photonic devices. Nevertheless, the intrinsic Ohmic loss associated with surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and modal dispersion imposes constraints on the effective interaction length and, consequently, the ultimate efficiency of nonlinear processes. In this study, we demonstrate an efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) within a hybrid plasmonic waveguide by leveraging SPP-like modes at the fundamental wave and photonic-like modes at the SHG under phase matching conditions.

Action potential-independent spontaneous microdomain Ca transients-mediated continuous neurotransmission regulates hyperalgesia.

Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators can be released via either action potential (AP)-evoked transient or AP-independent continuous neurotransmission. The elevated AP-evoked neurotransmission in the primary sensory neurons plays crucial roles in hyperalgesia. However, whether and how the AP-independent continuous neurotransmission contributes to hyperalgesia remains largely unknown.

Heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 2 promotes gastric cancer progression by modulating the TGF-β/smad2/3 pathway.

Objective: To investigate the role of heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 2 (HS6ST2) in gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: HS6ST2 expression in GC and adjacent normal gastric mucosa was first detected via immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The correlation between the expression level of HS6ST2 and clinicopathological parameters were observed.

Plasma exchange alone versus combination with intravenous immunoglobulin/methylprednisolone pulse therapy in severe systemic rheumatic diseases: a retrospective study.

Background: For severe systemic rheumatic diseases (SRDs), therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) may be applied as a rescue therapy; it usually combined with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or intravenous methylprednisolone pulse (IVMP) in severe SRDs. However, the necessity of this combination treatment strategy in SRDs remains uncertain.

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of TPE alone versus TPE combined with IVIG/IVMP in treating severe SRDs.

The BMP Signaling Pathway: Bridging Maternal-Fetal Crosstalk in Early Pregnancy.

The maintenance of early pregnancy is a complex and distinctive process, primarily characterized by critical reproductive events such as embryo implantation, trophoblasts differentiation, decidualization, and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invasion etc. However, dysregulation of these essential reproductive processes can result in various pregnancy complications, including recurrent miscarriage, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction etc. Notably, these complications exhibit an interconnected regulatory network that suggests shared underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.