Venous thrombo-embolism as a complication of cross-sex hormone treatment of male-to-female transsexual subjects: a review.

Administration of cross-sex hormones to male-to-female transsexual subjects, usually oestrogens + often anti-androgens, such as cyproterone acetate, carries a risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE usually occurs in the first year of oestrogen administration. Ethinyl oestradiol, due to its chemical structure, was in 2003 identified as a major factor in the occurrence of VTE.

Adverse drug events in older hospitalized patients: results and reliability of a comprehensive and structured identification strategy.

Background: Older patients are at high risk for experiencing Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) during hospitalization. To be able to reduce ADEs in these vulnerable patients, hospitals first need to measure the occurrence of ADEs, especially those that are preventable. However, data on preventable ADEs (pADEs) occurring during hospitalization in older patients are scarce, and no 'gold standard' for the identification of ADEs exists.

Changes in adverse event rates in hospitals over time: a longitudinal retrospective patient record review study.

Objective: To determine the change in adverse event (AE) rates and preventable AE rates over time, identify certain patient risk groups and discuss factors influencing the outcome.

Design: Longitudinal retrospective patient record review study.

Setting And Participants: A random sample of 21 hospitals in The Netherlands in 2004, and 20 hospitals in 2008.

A long-term follow-up study of mortality in transsexuals receiving treatment with cross-sex hormones.

Objective: Adverse effects of long-term cross-sex hormone administration to transsexuals are not well documented. We assessed mortality rates in transsexual subjects receiving long-term cross-sex hormones.

Design: A cohort study with a median follow-up of 18.

Nature, occurrence and consequences of medication-related adverse events during hospitalization: a retrospective chart review in the Netherlands.

Background: Medication-related adverse events (MRAEs) form a large proportion of all adverse events in hospitalized patients and are associated with considerable preventable harm. Detailed information on harm related to drugs administered during hospitalization is scarce. Knowledge of the nature and preventability of MRAEs is needed to prioritize and improve medication-related patient safety.