[Causes of death with a functioning graft among kidney allograft recipients].

Background: Death with a functioning graft (DWGF) is now one of the main causes of renal transplant (RTx) loss.

Aim: To determine whether the causes of DWGF, characteristics of donors and recipients and complications of RTx have changed in the last two decades.

Subjects And Methods: Cooperative study of a cohort of 418 kidney grafts performed between 1968 and 2010.

[Hyponatremia on admission to the emergency room as a risk factor for hospital mortality].

Background: Patients who develop hyponatremia during their hospitalization have higher hospital mortality.

Aim: To determine if the presence of hyponatremia on admission to the emergency room is a risk factor for hospital mortality.

Patients And Methods: Two hundred forty five patients consecutively admitted to the emergency room and then transferred to the Medicine Department, where they finally died, were matched for age and gender with 245 control subjects admitted to the emergency room and hospitalized in the Medicine Department at the same time, but survived.

[Beliefs about the adversary, political violence and peace processes].

The aim of this study is to test in a real political context whether or not a change in the beliefs which were fueling the political violence in question is required during the advent of a peace process. Two hypothesis are considered: a) in the case of these beliefs not being modified, there will be difficulties to reach an atmosphere of trust between both parts and the process will fail, and b) if this happens, the groups will develop more extreme beliefs against the opponent. The results obtained through a textual analysis support both hypotheses.

[Clinical guidelines on identification, management and complications of chronic kidney disease].

The key messages of these guidelines on chronic kidney disease are: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem due to its wide distribution, high rate of complications and cost. CKD is a common condition, its prevalence being about 10%, and is treatable if it is detected on time. A patient with CKD has a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality than of progression of its underlying renal disease.

Hepatotoxicity associated with cyclosporine monitoring using C2 recommendations in adults renal recipients receiving ketoconazole.

Following the change, in the way we monitored cyclosporine (CsA) levels in January 2000 namely from C0 to C2 concentrations, in renal "de novo" allograft recipients, some patients treated with concomitant ketoconazole experienced liver toxicity, a complication that had not been previously seen with CsA monitoring using C0. Therefore, we decided to compare the outcomes of patients transplanted using CsA levels monitored by C0 (1998 to 1999) who also had simultaneous C2 determinations (group A) with those of recipients transplanted after 2000 (group B). All received steroids, azathioprine, and CsA plus ketoconazole.