Violene/cyanine hybrids as electrochromics part 2: tetrakis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)ethene and its derivatives.

The general structure of violene/cyanine hybrids (see below) is exemplified by tetrakis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)ethene 1(RED) its vinylogue 2(RED) and its diazavinylogue 3(RED). As judged from their cyclic voltammograms and spectroelectrograms, oxidation occurs perfectly reversible by loss of two electrons creating closed shell systems 1-3(OX)+2 with strong bathochromic shifts (Michlers hydrol blue moieties). ESR spectra indicate only minor amounts of radical cations.

Software validation.

This article examines the requirements of EN 60601-1-4, which states that risk management is an integral part of the development of software for medical devices. Food and Drug Administration regulations are also compared to the requirements of the Medical Device Directive to provide guidance on developing software for the European and US markets.

The enteroviruses: recent advances.

New information accrues periodically in the ledger accounting for infections and diseases associated with the human enteroviruses. The discoveries of "new" serotypes and how they affect people are subjects of continuing attention. Some other relevant information on "old" serotypes relates to variations in age-specific attack rates and associated morbidity and mortality for neonates and older infants.

A mixed epidemic associated with echovirus types 6 and 11: virologic, clinical and epidemiologic studies.

During 1979, an outbreak of mixed enterovirus infections occurred in Kansas City and adjacent communities. Sixty-six enteroviruses and 7 adenoviruses were recovered from 73 persons in a survey hospital population. Twenty-eight persons yielded echovirus type 11, 22, echovirus type 6, and 16 either echovirus type 9 or Coxsackieviruses group B, types 2 and 3.