Screening Method to Identify Watermelon Cultivars Resistant to Acidovorax citrulli, the Cause of Bacterial Fruit Blotch.

Acidovorax citrulli is a causative pathogen for bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) in Cucurbitaceae, including watermelon. The most effective method to control this plant disease is to cultivate resistant cultivars. Herein, this study aimed to establish an efficient screening method to determine the resistance of watermelon cultivars against A.

Discovery of Novel Antioomycete Metabolites from the Marine-Derived Fungus .

In our screening program for natural products that are effective in controlling plant diseases, we found that the culture filtrate of SFC20160907-M11 effectively suppressed the development of tomato late blight disease caused by . Using a bioassay-guided fractionation of antioomycete activity, 12 active compounds (-) were obtained from an ethyl acetate extract of the culture filtrate. Chemical structures of five new compounds - were determined by the extensive analyses of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and circular dichroism (CD) data.

Edeine B produced by reduces the virulence of a plant pathogenic fungus by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration.

Plant pathogenic fungi cause serious diseases, which result in the loss of crop yields and reduce the quality of crops worldwide. To counteract the escalating risks of chemical fungicides, interest in biological control agents to manage plant diseases has significantly increased. In this study, we comprehensively screened microbial culture filtrates using a yeast screening system to find microbes exhibiting respiratory inhibition activity.

Differential Resistance of Radish Cultivars against Bacterial Soft Rot Caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum.

Bacterial soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) is one of the most severe diseases in radish cultivation. To control this plant disease, the most effective method has been known to cultivate resistant cultivars.

Con7 is a key transcription regulator for conidiogenesis in the plant pathogenic fungus .

Unlabelled: The mycelium of the plant pathogenic fungus exhibits distinct structures for vegetative growth, asexual sporulation, sexual development, virulence, and chlamydospore formation. These structures are vital for the survival and pathogenicity of the fungus, necessitating precise regulation based on environmental cues. Initially identified in , the transcription factor Con7p regulates conidiation and infection-related morphogenesis, but not vegetative growth.

A mitochondrial NAD/NADH kinase governs fungal virulence through an oxidative stress response and arginine biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum.

NADP/NADPH plays an indispensable role in cellular metabolism, serving as a pivotal cofactor in numerous enzymatic processes involved in anabolic pathways, antioxidant defense, and the biosynthesis of essential cellular components. NAD/NADH kinases (NADKs) phosphorylate NAD/NADH, constituting the sole de novo synthetic pathway for NADP/NADPH generation. Despite the pivotal role of NADP/NADPH in cellular functions, the physiological role of NADK remains largely unexplored in filamentous fungi.

Role of Brassica rapa SWEET genes in the defense response to Plasmodiophora brassicae.

Background: Interactions of plants with biotic stress factors including bacteria, fungi, and viruses have been extensively investigated to date. Plasmodiophora brassicae, a protist pathogen, causes clubroot disease in Cruciferae plants. Infection of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) plants with P.

Sulfur metabolism-mediated fungal glutathione biosynthesis is essential for oxidative stress resistance and pathogenicity in the plant pathogenic fungus .

is a destructive fungal pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) on a wide range of cereal crops. To control fungal diseases, it is essential to comprehend the pathogenic mechanisms that enable fungi to overcome host defenses during infection. Pathogens require an oxidative stress response to overcome host-derived oxidative stress.

Desmodinosides A-E: New Flavonoid C-glycosides from Desmodium heterocarpon var. stigosum with hepatoprotective and antifungal activity.

Five new flavonoid C-glycosides named desmodinosides A-E (1-5) and one known compound, apigenin 6-C-β-d-xylopyranosyl-2''-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) have been isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Desmodium heterocarpon var. stigosum. These compounds were determined by 1D and 2D-NMR and HR-MS spectroscopies.

Biocontrol potential of HK235 producing antifungal-related peptide chitinocin.

is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen with an extremely broad host range, causing significant economic losses in agricultural production. In this study, we discovered a culture filtrate of bacterial strain HK235, which was identified as , exhibiting high levels of antifungal activity against . From the HK235 culture filtrate, we isolated a new antimicrobial peptide molecule designated as chitinocin based on activity-guided fractionation followed by characterization of the amino acid composition and spectroscopic analyses.

Genetic and Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms of Lipase Activity in the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium graminearum.

Lipases, which catalyze the hydrolysis of long-chain triglycerides, diglycerides, and monoglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol, participate in various biological pathways in fungi. In this study, we examined the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of fungal lipases via two approaches. First, we performed a systemic functional characterization of 86 putative lipase-encoding genes in the plant-pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum.

Intron turnover is essential to the development and pathogenicity of the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum.

Intron lariats excised during the splicing process are rapidly degraded by RNA lariat debranching enzyme (Dbr1) and several exonucleases. Rapid turnover of lariat RNA is essential to cellular RNA homeostasis. However, the functions of Dbr1 have not been investigated in filamentous fungi.

Phenyl Ethers from the Marine-Derived Fungus and Their Antimicrobial Activity Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria.

Marine fungi produce various secondary metabolites with unique chemical structures and diverse biological activities. In the continuing search for new antifungal agents from fungi isolated from marine environments, the culture filtrate of a fungus SFC20160407-M11 exhibited the potential to control plant diseases caused by fungi. From the culture filtrate of SFC20160407-M11, a total of seven compounds were isolated and identified by activity-guided column chromatography and spectroscopic analysis: violaceol I (), violaceol II (), diorcinol (), versinol (), orcinol (), orsellinic acid (), and sydowiol C ().

Curvicollide D, a new modified γ-lactone from the culture broth of Albifimbria verrucaria and its antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi.

In our screening program for new antifungal active compounds, a new modified γ-lactone curvicollide D (1) together with five known trichothecenes (2-6) were isolated from the culture filtrate of fungus Albifimbria verrucaria based on the in vitro antifungal assay. The chemical structure of new compound 1 was elucidated by NMR and HR-MS spectroscopic analyses, and the relative configurations of 1 were deduced from NOE experiments and coupling constant analysis. Compound 1 exhibited moderate antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum coccodes, and Magnaporthe oryzae with MIC value in a range of 100-200 µg ml.

Characterization of Alternaria porri causing onion purple blotch and its antifungal compound magnolol identified from Caryodaphnopsis baviensis.

Alternaria porri (Ellis) Clf. causes purple blotch disease on Allium plants which results in the reduction of crop yields and quality. In this study, to efficiently find natural antifungal compounds against A.

Biocontrol Potential of Species Producing Antimicrobial Metabolites.

Microbial metabolites have been recognized as an important source for the discovery of new antifungal agents because of their diverse chemical structures with novel modes of action. In the course of our screening for new antifungal agents from microbes, we found that culture filtrates of two fungal species SFC20200425-M11 and SFC20200425-M27 have the potentials to reduce the development of fungal plant diseases such as tomato late blight and wheat leaf rust. From these two spp.

Clerodane Diterpenoids Identified from Showing Antifungal Activity against Plant Pathogens.

In the search for new natural resources showing plant disease control effects, we found that the methanol extract of suppressed fungal disease development in plants. To identify the bioactive substances, the methanol extract of was extracted by organic solvents, and consequently, four new 2-oxo-clerodane diterpenes (), a new 4(3 → 2)--clerodane diterpene (), together with ten known compounds () were isolated and identified from the extracts. Of the new compounds, compound showed a broad spectrum of antifungal activity with moderated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in a range of 50-100 μg/mL against tested fungal pathogens.

Plant Disease Control Efficacy of and Its Antifungal Compounds.

Plants contain a number of bioactive compounds that exhibit antimicrobial activity, which can be recognized as an important source of agrochemicals for plant disease control. In searching for natural alternatives to synthetic fungicides, we found that a methanol extract of the plant species suppressed the disease development of rice blast caused by . Through a series of chromatography procedures in combination with activity-guided fractionation, we isolated and identified a total of eleven compounds including four labdane-type diterpenes (-), six isopimarane-type diterpenes (-), and one sesquiterpene ().

QTL mapping for Fusarium wilt resistance based on the whole-genome resequencing and their association with functional genes in Raphanus sativus.

Two major QTL associated with resistance to Fusarium wilt (FW) were identified using whole-genome resequencing. Sequence variations and gene expression level differences suggest that TIR-NBS and LRR-RLK are candidate genes associated with FW-resistance. Fusarium wilt (FW) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.

Genome Sequence of Brevibacillus brevis HK544, an Antimicrobial Bacterium Isolated from Soil in Daejeon, South Korea.

The Brevibacillus brevis HK544 strain, which was isolated from soil, exhibited antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora infestans, and Erwinia amylovora. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the B. brevis HK544 strain, which consists of one circular chromosome of 6,486,246 bp with a GC content of 47.