Growth Response of Trichoderma Species to Organic Solvents.

The growth response of 25 Trichoderma strains to 26 alkanols and 7 other organic solvents was examined in vitro. The sensitivity of strains considerably varied depending on their taxonomic position, thus the strains of Longibrachiatum section proved to be more tolerant than those of Pachybasium and Trichoderma sections. Significant relationship was revealed between structure of C1 -C24 alkanols and their growth inhibitory effect to Trichodermas, both efficacy and selectivity of C1 -C3 and C14 -C24 alkanols failed off the C9 -C11 alkanols.

A quantitative peptide structure vs. retention relationship study.

The quantitative relationship between the TLC retention parameters of 28 short peptides and their physicochemical characteristics was calculated using linear regression analysis. It was established that surface parameters exert a significant impact on the retention of peptides and the ratio of non-polar surface area/polar surface area exerts the highest influence on the retention. This result may be due to the fact that peptides turn towards the apolar surface of the stationary phase with their non-polar substructures while the polar molecular parts point into the hydrophilic mobile phase.

Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewaters: a review.

The more recent methods for the removal of synthetic dyes from waters and wastewater are complied. The various methods of removal such as adsorption on various sorbents, chemical decomposition by oxidation, photodegradation, and microbiological decoloration, employing activated sludge, pure cultures and microbe consortiums are described. The advantages and disadvantages of the various methods are discussed and their efficacies are compared.

Separation of the strength and selectivity of the microbiological effect of synthetic dyes by spectral mapping technique.

The growth inhibitory effect of 30 synthetic dyes on 22 bacteria (test organisms) belonging to various taxonomic groups was determined. The strength (potency) and selectivity of the biological effect were separated by the spectral mapping technique, reducing the dimensionality of the selectivity maps to two by the nonlinear mapping technique. The relationship between biological effect and physicochemical parameters of dyes was elucidated by stepwise regression analysis.

Biological activity and environmental impact of anionic surfactants.

The newest results concerning the biological activity and environmental fate of anionic surfactants are collected and critically evaluated. The chemical and physicochemical parameters related to the biological activity and the field of application are briefly discussed. Examples on the effect of anionic surfactants on the cell membranes, on the activity of enzymes, on the binding to various proteins and to other cell components and on their human toxicity are presented and the possible mode of action is elucidated.

Antifungal activity of some trityl-based synthetic dyes.

The fungicidal activity of 10 trityl dyes and six reference compounds was determined on 36 fungal strains, and the data matrix was evaluated separately by principal component analysis (PCA) and by spectral mapping technique (SPM). The dimensionality of the maps of the principle component loadings and variables and the selectivity maps were reduced to two by varimax rotation and by nonlinear mapping. Calculations proved that both the strength and selectivity of the fungicidal activity of trityl dyes considerably depended on the chemical structure of the dye and on the type of fungi.