Assessing the accuracy and reliability of ultrasonographic three-dimensional parathyroid volume measurement in a patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism: a comparison with the two-dimensional conventional method.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy and reliability of the semi-automated ultrasonographic volume measurement tool, virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL), for measuring the volume of parathyroid glands.

Methods: Volume measurements for 40 parathyroid glands were performed in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by chronic renal failure. The volume of the parathyroid glands was measured twice by experienced radiologists by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) methods using conventional sonograms and the VOCAL with 30°angle increments before parathyroidectomy.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome-related encephalopathy: magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Objective: To report the incidence and findings of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)-related encephalopathy along with its clinical course.

Methods: Medical records and brain MRI were reviewed from January 2004 to January 2013. The final cohort consisted of 145 patients.

Respiratory syncytial virus-related encephalitis: magnetic resonance imaging findings with diffusion-weighted study.

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen causing acute respiratory infection in children. Herein, we describe the incidence and clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of RSV-related encephalitis, a major neurological complication of RSV infection.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and imaging findings of the patients over the past 7 years who are admitted to our medical center and are tested positive for RSV-RNA by reverse transcriptase PCR.