Effectiveness, safety and economic viability of daycare versus usual hospital care management of severe pneumonia with or without malnutrition in children using the existing health system of Bangladesh: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: We aimed to define clinical and cost-effectiveness of a Day Care Approach (DCA) alternative to Usual Care (UC, comparison group) within the Bangladesh health system to manage severe childhood pneumonia.

Methods: This was a cluster randomised controlled trial in urban Dhaka and rural Bangladesh between November 1, 2015 and March 23, 2019. Children aged 2-59 months with severe pneumonia with or without malnutrition received DCA or UC.

Factors associated with community acquired severe pneumonia among under five children in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A case control analysis.

Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children globally with the majority of these deaths observed in resource-limited settings. Globally, the annual incidence of clinical pneumonia in under-five children is approximately 152 million, mostly in the low- and middle-income countries. Of these, 8.

Barriers to seeking timely treatment for severe childhood pneumonia in rural Bangladesh.

Objective: Delays in seeking medical attention for childhood pneumonia may lead to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed at identifying the drivers of delayed seeking of treatment for severe childhood pneumonia in rural Bangladesh.

Methods: We conducted a formative study from June to September 2015 in one northern district of Bangladesh.

Household economic burden of childhood severe pneumonia in Bangladesh: a cost-of-illness study.

Objective: To estimate household cost of illness (COI) for children with severe pneumonia in Bangladesh.

Design: An incidence-based COI study was performed for one episode of childhood severe pneumonia from a household perspective. Face-to-face interviews collected data on socioeconomic, resource use and cost from caregivers.

Do employer-sponsored health insurance schemes affect the utilisation of medically trained providers and out-of-pocket payments among ready-made garment workers? A case-control study in Bangladesh.

Objective: We estimated the effect of an employer-sponsored health insurance (ESHI) scheme on healthcare utilisation of medically trained providers and reduction of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure among ready-made garment (RMG) workers.

Design: We used a case-control study design with cross-sectional preintervention and postintervention surveys.

Settings: The study was conducted among workers of seven purposively selected RMG factories in Shafipur, Gazipur in Bangladesh.

Randomised trial showed that rapid rehydration of severely malnourished children with dehydrating diarrhoea was as safe and effective as slow rehydration.

Aim: This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of rapid and slow rehydration in children aged 6-60 months with dehydrating diarrhoea and severe malnutrition.

Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted from July 2011 to March 2014 at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh. We included children with weight for age and, or, weight for length Z-scores of less than -3 or with bipedal oedema and acute diarrhoea with severe dehydration.

Day clinic vs. hospital care of pneumonia and severe malnutrition in children under five: a randomised trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and costs of managing pneumonia and severe malnutrition in a day clinic (DC) management model (outpatient) vs. hospital care (inpatient).

Methods: Randomised clinical trial where children aged 2 months to 5 years with pneumonia and severe malnutrition were randomly allocated to DC or inpatient hospital care.

Functional Somatic Syndromes: Skin Temperatures and Activity Measurements Under Ambulatory Conditions.

Functional somatic syndromes are mostly associated with pain and emotional distress. As one marker for the autonomic stress response, the distal skin temperature decreases during psychological stress. In patients with functional somatic syndromes, the distal skin temperature under baseline conditions (without stress induction) is usually lower than in healthy subjects, which could be due to the sustained presence of pain-related stress in such patients.

Efficacy of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) supplemented modified oral rehydration solution in the treatment of severely malnourished children with watery diarrhoea: a randomised double-blind controlled trial.

Objectives: To examine whether PHGG added ORS reduce duration of diarrhoea, stool output and enhance weight gain.

Methods: In a double-blind controlled clinical trial, 126 malnourished children (weight for length/weight for age < -3 Z-score with or without pedal edema), aged 6 - 36 months with acute diarrhoea <7 days were studied in two treatment groups; 63 received modified WHO ORS (Na 75, K 40, Cl 87, citrate 7, glucose 90 mmol/L) with PHGG 15 g/L (study group); 63 received modified WHO ORS without PHGG (control). Other treatments were similar in both groups.

Observational follow-up study on a cohort of children with severe pneumonia after discharge from a day-care clinic in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Compliance, morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization during fortnightly follow-up were evaluated by an observational study on a cohort of children with severe and very severe pneumonia after day-care treatment at an urban clinic. The primary outcome measures were proportions of success (compliance) and failure (non-compliance) of follow-up visits at the day-care clinic. In total, 251 children were followed up, with median (IQR) age of 5.

Influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric acid secretion in pre-school Bangladeshi children.

Background: The effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on gastric acid secretion (GAS) is poorly defined in children.

Objective: To determine whether H.

Observational follow-up study following two cohorts of children with severe pneumonia after discharge from day care clinic/hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Objectives: To compare the features of relapse, morbidity, mortality and re-hospitalisation following successful discharge after severe pneumonia in children between a day care group and a hospital group and to explore the predictors of failures during 3 months of follow-up.

Design: An observational study following two cohorts of children with severe pneumonia for 3 months after discharge from hospital/clinic.

Setting: Day care was provided at the Radda Clinic and hospital care at a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Mental disorders of people with disability pension in Georgia.

Correct assessment due to mental diseases is rather important. WHO developed International Classification for Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and there are two approaches to its implementation - development of disease specific or generic core sets. In order to know which way to choose up to date information is needed on disorders that most frequently lead to disability in Georgia.

A follow-up experience of 6 months after treatment of children with severe acute malnutrition in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Aim: As there is lack of information about what happens to children after recovery from severe acute malnutrition (SAM), we report their relapse, morbidity, mortality and referral during follow-up period.

Methods: From February 2001 to November 2003, 180 children completing acute and nutrition rehabilitation (NR) phases of protocolized management were advised for 6-months follow-up. The mean (SD) age was 12 (5) months, 55% were infants, 53% were male and 68% were breast-fed.

Salovum egg yolk containing antisecretory factor as an adjunct therapy in severe cholera in adult males: a pilot study.

Cholera involves stimulation of intestinal secretory process in response to cholera toxin leading to profuse watery diarrhoea that might cause death due to dehydration unless timely rehydration therapy is initiated. Efforts to identify and test potential antisecretory agents are ongoing. Antisecretory factor (AF) is a naturally-occurring protein produced in the human secretory organs, including the intestine, with antisectory properties demonstrated in animal and human models of secretory diarrhoea.

L-isoleucine-supplemented oral rehydration solution in the treatment of acute diarrhoea in children: a randomized controlled trial.

Antimicrobial peptides represent an important component of the innate immune defenses of living organisms, including humans. They are broad-spectrum surface-acting agents secreted by the epithelial cells of the body in response to infection. Recently, L-isoleucine and its analogues have been found to induce antimicrobial peptides.

Satisfaction of staff of Swiss insurance companies with medical appraisals: a cross sectional study.

Background: A high quality of timely delivered medical appraisals is crucial for social and other insurances to judge possible occupational reintegration measures for patients with medical conditions who are in danger to lose their job. However, little is known about the satisfaction of staff of insurance companies with medical appraisals that they have commissioned.Our questionnaire survey prospectively included all medical appraisals arriving at Swiss insurances from FEB to APR 2008.

Quality assessment of a randomly selected sample of Swiss medical expertises--a pilot study.

Background: Considerable criticism has lately been raised by the media regarding the quality of Swiss medical expertises. The present investigation was therefore undertaken to assess the professional quality of Swiss medical expertises. The study was part of a market analysis of medical expertises (MGS study).

Randomized controlled trial of day care versus hospital care of severe pneumonia in Bangladesh.

Objective: A randomized controlled trial compared day care versus hospital care management of pneumonia.

Methods: Children 2 to 59 months of age with severe pneumonia received either day care, with antibiotic treatment, feeding, and supportive care from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm, or hospital care, with similar 24-hour treatment.

Results: In 2006-2008, 360 children were assigned randomly to receive either day care or hospital care; 189 (53%) had hypoxemia, with a mean±SD oxygen saturation of 93±4%, which increased to 99±1% after oxygen therapy.

Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus infections in an impoverished urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Background: Viral hepatitis is a serious global public health problem affecting billions of people globally, and both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are rapidly spreading in the developing countries including Bangladesh due to the lack of health education, poverty, illiteracy and lack of hepatitis B vaccination. Also there is lack of information on their prevalence among the general population. So, a population-based serological survey was conducted in Dhaka to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HBV and HCV infections.

[Medical assessments of the years 2004 and 2005 at the Diagnostic Medical Department MEDAS, University Clinic Basel - a critical analysis].

Medical assessments of patients seeking disability benefits are one of the most important services provided by MEDAS/asim Basel for the Swiss Disability Insurance scheme. An evaluation of 593 assessments from 2004 and 2005 was carried out in order to gain initial insights into the characteristics of this special patient population. Information about sociodemographic background, diagnoses and certified fitness to work was collected and evaluated.

Causal relationship of Helicobacter pylori with iron-deficiency anemia or failure of iron supplementation in children.

Background & Aims: We investigated Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)-infection as a cause of iron deficiency (ID) and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) or treatment failure of iron supplementation.

Methods: We randomized 200 Hp-infected children (positive urea breath test) 2-5 years of age with IDA (hemoglobin level <110 g/L; serum ferritin level <12 microg/L; and soluble transferrin receptor >8.3 mg/L) or ID (serum ferritin level <12 microg/L or soluble transferrin receptor level >8.

Efficacy of partially hydrolyzed guar gum-added oral rehydration solution in the treatment of severe cholera in adults.

Background: Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a water-soluble fiber if added to oral rehydration solution (ORS) and undergoes fermentation in the colon liberating short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs potentiate the effect of ORS, reducing the severity of diarrhea.

Aim: To examine the effect of PHGG-added ORS in reducing the stool output and duration of diarrhea in adult cholera.