Brief Report: Protease Inhibitors Versus Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors and the Risk of Cancer Among People With HIV.

Background: The effect of initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) class on cancer risk in people with HIV (PWH) remains unclear.

Setting: Cohort study of 36,322 PWH enrolled (1996-2014) in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design.

Methods: We followed individuals from ART initiation (protease inhibitor [PI]-, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI]-, or integrase strand transfer inhibitor [INSTI]-based) until incident cancer, death, loss-to-follow-up, 12/31/2014, 85 months (intention-to-treat analyses [ITT]), or 30 months (per-protocol [PP] analyses).

HPV Vaccination and Awareness Programs at Maryland Colleges and Universities.

Context: About half of adolescents aged 13 to 17 in United States are not fully vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV). As they age into young adulthood, colleges may be an excellent target population nexus for implementing interventions to improve HPV vaccination uptake.

Objectives: Our study goal was to generate knowledge about HPV vaccine offerings and awareness programs at colleges to ascertain the extent of campus-facilitated access to HPV immunization and education in 1 state.

Case-Control Study of Cervicovaginal Beta-/Gamma-HPV Infection in Women with HIV and Its Relation with Incident Cervical Precancer.

We studied cervicovaginal β-/γ-human papillomavirus (HPV) and their relationship to cervical precancer in women with HIV (WWH); having previously reported strong positive associations of β-/γ-HPV with incident head and neck cancer in the general population. Cases (N=124) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)-3 or CIN-2. Controls (N=247) were individually matched 2:1 to cases.

HBI: a hierarchical Bayesian interaction model to estimate cell-type-specific methylation quantitative trait loci incorporating priors from cell-sorted bisulfite sequencing data.

Methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) quantify the effects of genetic variants on DNA methylation levels. However, most published studies utilize bulk methylation datasets composed of different cell types and limit our understanding of cell-type-specific methylation regulation. We propose a hierarchical Bayesian interaction (HBI) model to infer cell-type-specific meQTLs, which integrates a large-scale bulk methylation data and a small-scale cell-type-specific methylation data.

Frailty, Physical Function Impairment and Pulmonary Function in Aging Men with and without HIV from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).

Background: People aging with HIV (PAWH) experience greater impairment in physical and pulmonary function than individuals aging without HIV. We examined whether baseline physical function was associated with subsequent pulmonary impairments.

Methods: Associations of frailty and physical function (gait speed [m/sec], grip strength [kg]) with pulmonary function (< 80% predicted diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [DL] and forced expiratory volume [FEV]) 3 years later were modeled; age, HIV status, and smoking were assessed as effect modifiers.

Relationships Between Hepatic Steatosis and Frailty Differ by HIV Serostatus.

Background: Frailty is associated with obesity-related comorbidities, but the relationship with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in people with HIV has been incompletely described. Our objective was to assess the associations between NAFLD and frailty.

Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Oncogenic Oral Human Papillomavirus Clearance Patterns over 10 Years.

Background: Effective screening for oropharyngeal cancer is lacking. Four oncogenic HPV clearance definitions were explored to understand long-term natural history for persistent oncogenic oral HPV (oncHPV), the precursor of oropharyngeal cancer.

Methods: Prospective multicenter cohort of participants living with/at-risk for HIV, with oral rinse and gargle samples collected every 6 to 12 months for up to 10 years and tested for oncHPV.

The forecasted prevalence of comorbidities and multimorbidity in people with HIV in the United States through the year 2030: A modeling study.

Background: Estimating the medical complexity of people aging with HIV can inform clinical programs and policy to meet future healthcare needs. The objective of our study was to forecast the prevalence of comorbidities and multimorbidity among people with HIV (PWH) using antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the United States (US) through 2030.

Methods And Findings: Using the PEARL model-an agent-based simulation of PWH who have initiated ART in the US-the prevalence of anxiety, depression, stage ≥3 chronic kidney disease (CKD), dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, end-stage liver disease (ESLD), myocardial infarction (MI), and multimorbidity (≥2 mental or physical comorbidities, other than HIV) were forecasted through 2030.

Association of Higher Intake of Plant-Based Foods and Protein With Slower Kidney Function Decline in Women With HIV.

Background: We investigated whether there exists an association between dietary acid load and kidney function decline in women living with HIV (WLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Setting: One thousand six hundred eight WLWH receiving ART in the WIHS cohort with available diet data and a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥15 mL/minute/1.73 m2.

State of the science and future directions for research on HIV and cancer: Summary of a joint workshop sponsored by IARC and NCI.

An estimated 38 million people live with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide and are at excess risk for multiple cancer types. Elevated cancer risks in people living with HIV (PLWH) are driven primarily by increased exposure to carcinogens, most notably oncogenic viruses acquired through shared transmission routes, plus acceleration of viral carcinogenesis by HIV-related immunosuppression. In the era of widespread antiretroviral therapy (ART), life expectancy of PLWH has increased, with cancer now a leading cause of co-morbidity and death.

Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function Among Women Living with HIV.

Background: Altered gut microbiota has been associated with cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease, but little is known among people living with HIV.

Objective: To examine associations between gut microbiota and cognitive impairment among women with or without HIV.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 446 women (302 HIV+) who had completed a neuropsychological test battery and stool sample collected within 1 year.

Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Prevalent Hypertension in Men With and Without HIV.

Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a known risk factor for hypertension. Despite the well-established link between HIV infection and hypertension, it remains to be determined whether HIV infection modifies the association between SDB and hypertension.

Setting: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Variations in Genes Encoding Human Papillomavirus Binding Receptors and Susceptibility to Cervical Precancer.

Background: Cervical cancer oncogenesis starts with human papillomavirus (HPV) cell entry after binding to host cell surface receptors; however, the mechanism is not fully known. We examined polymorphisms in receptor genes hypothesized to be necessary for HPV cell entry and assessed their associations with clinical progression to precancer.

Methods: African American women (N = 1,728) from the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study were included.

Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Aging Men With and Without HIV from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

People living with HIV have greater pulmonary function impairments and decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to uninfected peers. We examined whether pulmonary impairment was associated with HRQoL or respiratory health status. Using Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study data (2017-2019), associations between outcomes [HRQoL (36-Item Short Form Survey) and respiratory health status (St.

Prevalence of oral and blood oncogenic human papillomavirus biomarkers among an enriched screening population: Baseline results of the MOUTH study.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer screening is being explored in research studies, but strategies to identify an appropriate population are not established. The authors evaluated whether a screening population could be enriched for participants with oncogenic HPV biomarkers using risk factors for oral HPV.

Methods: Participants were enrolled at Johns Hopkins Hospitals and Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine.

Hypertension and one-year risk of all-cause mortality among women with treated HIV in the United States.

Objective: Hypertension is a critical cause of cardiovascular disease, and women with HIV have a higher prevalence of hypertension than women without HIV. The relationship between hypertension and mortality has not been well characterized in women with treated HIV. Here, we estimate the effect of hypertension on 1-year risk of all-cause mortality among women with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the United States.

Differences in COVID-19 testing and adverse outcomes by race, ethnicity, sex, and health system setting in a large diverse US cohort.

Background: Racial/ethnic disparities during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic led to differences in COVID-19 testing and adverse outcomes. We examine differences in testing and adverse outcomes by race/ethnicity and sex across a geographically diverse and system-based COVID-19 cohort collaboration.

Methods: Observational study among adults (≥18 years) within six US cohorts from March 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020 using data from electronic health record and patient reporting.

Comparison of anal pre-cancer screening strategies among men who have sex with men.

Purpose: Comparison of anal pre-cancer screening strategies in men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods: MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study underwent repeated anal cytology (aCyt), oncogenic human papillomavirus (oncHPV) testing. A subset received High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA).

Prevalence and Predictors of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Men Participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Background: Data on the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in people with HIV are limited. Moreover, whether the associations between SDB and age or BMI differ by HIV status is unknown.

Research Question: Is SDB more prevalent in men with HIV than those without HIV, and do the predictors of SDB differ between the two groups?

Study Design And Methods: Home polysomnography was used in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study to assess SDB prevalence in men with (n = 466; 92% virologically suppressed) and without (n = 370) HIV.

Pulmonary and physical function limitations in aging men with and without HIV from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).

Purpose: We examined the associations between pulmonary impairments and physical function and whether age, HIV serostatus, or smoking modified these relationships.

Methods: Using Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study data, we examined associations between pulmonary function (diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [DL], one-second forced expiratory volume [FEV]) and subsequent physical outcomes (gait speed, grip strength, frailty [non-frail, pre-frail, frail]) using mixed models.

Results: Of 1,048 men, 55% were living with HIV, median age was 57(IQR=48,64) and median cumulative pack-years was 1.