Precision glycan supplementation: A strategy to improve performance and intestinal health of laying hens in high-stress commercial environments.

In the dynamic world of animal production, many challenges arise in disease control, animal welfare and the need to meet antibiotic-free demands. Emerging diseases have a significant impact on the poultry industry. Managing gut microbiota is an important determinant of poultry health and performance.

Assessing the radiation contamination of large areas using advanced technologies.

Military, disaster management and in many cases civilian tasks include surveying of a given section of terrain that is likely to be contaminated with radioactive materials. Such a measurement series can form the basis for the complete recultivation and decontamination of large areas. This survey can take place after an emergency situation.

Efficacy and Safety of FOLFIRINOX in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. A Single Center Experience.

The management of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) is a major challenge. Although new drugs are available for the treatment of metastatic disease, the optimal treatment of non-metastatic cases remains controversial. The role of neoadjuvant therapy is still a question of debate in this setting.

Autoimmune-associated HLA-B8-DR3 haplotypes in Asian Indians are unique in C4 complement gene copy numbers and HSP-2 1267A/G.

The classical AH8.1 (HLA-A1-B8-DR3-DQ2) is the most common Caucasian haplotype, associated with several autoimmune diseases, immunologic hyperreactivity and rapid progression to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. However, in Asian Indians, there are multiple unique B8-DR3 haplotypes that are associated with autoimmunity and differ significantly from the common Caucasian AH8.

The complexity of immune and alloimmune response.

Alloimmune response induced by foreign histoincompatible alloantigens is a complex phenomenon possessing mechanisms, characteristics to innate and adoptive immune response. It is also modified by various immunregulating exocrine and autocrine factors. Starting the new time period of functional genomics the knowledge of human genes' structure needs a more clear insight not only about the function and contribution of genes but their historical background, origin and importance in the phylogenesis.

Characterisation of cytokine mRNA expression in tumour-infiltrating mononuclear cells and tumour cells freshly isolated from human colorectal carcinomas.

The in situ function of tumour-infiltrating leukocytes (TIL) in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) is unclear. Local cytokine expression probably regulates the anti-tumour immune response and tumour immune surveillance. We examined the distribution of mRNA for IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and IL-4 in TIL, and tumour cells freshly isolated from 21 surgically removed primary CRC, using a semiquantitative RT-PCR.

Cellular and humoral suppression in transplantation.

Transplantation immunity and tolerance induction are two sides of the same coin. This article describes a couple of very different approaches, one experimental and one clinical, that may improve the understanding of transplantation immunology through analysis of tolerance induction.

When should granulocyte function be checked?

Behind many clinical cases with recurrent, severe infections, absesses, delayed wound healing and especially in antibiotic resistant sepsis some granulocyte function abnormalities can be detected. The abnormalities are of inherited and acquired origin. The inherited dysfunctions are discussed here in details, but the appearance of some failures in neutrophil functions should be taken into consideration when examining patients with other diseases (e.

Non-cytotoxic blocking antibodies and suppressor cells induced by donor-specific transfusions in healthy volunteers and potential kidney transplant recipients.

Donor-specific transfusion (DST)-induced immunosuppression plays a significant role in clinical and experimental transplantation. To clarify the mechanism of suppression on alloreactivity the suppressor cell induction and the non-cytotoxic blocking antibody production and importance was studied in 15 healthy volunteers and 3 kidney transplant recipients (KTR) after DST on mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). Significant decrease of anti-donor MLC response was found in all of KTR and in 12 cases of the 15 transfused volunteers.

Selective effect of noncytotoxic blocking alloantibodies produced after platelet transfusions on MLC, and mitogen and soluble antigen-induced responses of human lymphocytes.

The transfusion of blood components (buffy coat and platelets) may induce characteristic alloimmune response or suppressive regulation that have, in certain cases, a beneficial effect on allograft survival. The blocking effect of the sera of donors immunized with platelets on mixed lymphocyte culture and on the response of lymphocytes to mitogen as well as soluble antigen (PPD, tetanus toxoid) stimulation was studied. Six sera from 7 volunteers displayed a strong and significant nonspecific MLC blocking effect that was detectable on the 10th day following the second platelet transfusion (PT).

Decreased insulin sensitivity and muscle enzyme activity in elderly subjects.

Skeletal muscle glycogen deposition, and the activation of muscle glycogen synthase and pyruvate dehydrogenase during a hyerinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp have been measured in six young and six elderly males matched for body mass index, physical activity and diet. Clamp glucose requirement (insulin, 0.1 U kg-1 h-1) was significantly lower in the older subjects (8.

Muscle enzyme activity and insulin sensitivity in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.

The mechanisms of insulin insensitivity in diabetes are poorly understood. We have therefore assessed the relationship between glucose disposal during a euglycaemic clamp, muscle glycogen formation, and the activities of insulin regulated enzymes within skeletal muscle in five Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, both on conventional injection therapy (HbA1 11.0 +/- 1.

HLA-DR antigens in juvenile chronic arthritis.

Twenty-five patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) were typed for HLA-A,-G,-C and -DR antigens to establish significant differences between normal controls and patients with adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA). HLA-DR antigens were correlated with subgroups of disease, and with several clinical features and immunological parameters of JCA. The frequency of DRW8 antigen was significantly higher in JCA than in normal adult controls or patients with RA.

[Association between natural cell mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) and serum factors in acute leukemia and other malignant diseases].

Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) of human peripheral lymphocytes against allogeneic tumor line (K-562) was substantially increased by the AB serum. Dialysis, a well as Sephadex G-200 gel filtration of AB serum revealed that the immunoglobulin containing fraction was the responsible factor for the increase. Results suggest the involvement of antibodies in NCMC.

Effect of dialysable leukocytes extracts on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and lymphocyte Fc receptors.

Dialysable leukocyte extracts significantly inhibited the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes in both xenogeneic and allogenic assays. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent. Fractions of dialysable leukocyte extracts separated on Sephadex G-25 column differed in their capacity to suppress cytotoxicity.

Separation of beta2-microglobulin from transfer factor in dialyzable leukocyte extracts.

Dialyzable leukocyte extracts prepared according to the original method of LAWRENCE contain 4 X 10(4) molecules of beta2-microglobulin per lymphocyte equivalent. The negative skin test converting biological activity (transfer factor) is separable by means of Sephadex G-25 gel chromatography from the beta2-microglobulin component of the extracts. This finding does not support the hypothesis of SHIFRINE and SCIBIENSKI on beta2-microglobulin being the nonspecific anchor of specific transfer factor to nonsensitized lymphocytes.

A simple allogeneic test system for the study of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in man.

A simple allogeneic test system for the study of ADCC activity of human mononuclear peripheral blood leucocytes (MPBL) is presented. The test uses human Rh-positive erythrocytes as target cells coated with specific human IgG antibody. The effector function of human MPBL is demonstrated after depletion of most of the monocytes and B lymphocytes on nylon wool column.

Immune reactivity in subjects remaining tuberculin-negative after repeated BCG vaccination.

Thirty-four children of 12 years mean age having had 3 to 5 BCG vaccinations owing to tuberculin negativity, were subjected to cellular and humoral immune assays (tuberculin skin test, leucocyte migration test, lymphocyte transformation test, estimation of serum IgG, IgA, and IgM levels). It was found that nonreactivity may cease by the age of 11 to 12 years. At the time of study 21 of the 34 children were already tuberculin-positive and only 13 failed to react to 5 TU.