Isolation and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing from Pig Farms and Slaughterhouse.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing represents a formidable challenge in the field of microbiology and public health due to its resistance to commonly used antibiotics. These strains pose a serious threat to human and animal health, underscoring the urgency of comprehensive research and surveillance. The ongoing investigation seeks ESBL producing strains from pig farms and slaughterhouses in West Bengal and Assam, India.

Assessment of reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization to elucidate host response to African swine fever infection.

Viral infection disrupts the normal regulation of the host gene's expression. In order to normalise the expression of dysregulated host genes upon virus infection, analysis of stable reference housekeeping genes using quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) is necessary. In the present study, healthy and African swine fever virus (ASFV) infected porcine tissues were assessed for the expression stability of five widely used housekeeping genes (HPRT1, B2M, 18 S rRNA, PGK1 and H3F3A) as reference genes using standard algorithm.

Transcriptome signatures of host tissue infected with African swine fever virus reveal differential expression of associated oncogenes.

African swine fever (ASF) has emerged as a threat to swine production worldwide. Evasion of host immunity by ASF virus (ASFV) is well understood. However, the role of ASFV in triggering oncogenesis is still unclear.

Incidences of Helicobacter infection in pigs and tracing occupational hazard in pig farmers.

Helicobacter species (spp.) is a gram-negative spiral-shaped motile bacterium that causes gastritis in pigs and also colonizes in the human stomach. The present study assessed the prevalence of Helicobacter spp.

Clinicopathological and ultrastructural study of African swine fever outbreak in North-East India.

The present investigation focuses on examining the clinical, histopathological, and ultrastructural changes that occurred in pig, during an outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) in 2022 in Assam, India. The disease initially manifested as a per-acute case with high mortality but without any evident clinical signs. Subsequently, some animals exhibited an acute form of the disease characterized by high fever (104-106 °F), anorexia, vomiting, respiratory distress, and bleeding from the anal and nasal orifices.

Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Porcine Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens in India: A 13-Year (2010-2023) Study.

The presence of bacterial pathogens such as spp., spp., , , spp.

Characterization of piggery farm waste-borne bacterial transposable elements associated with antimicrobial resistance phenotypes.

Even though there is a link between antibiotic resistance and the presence of transposable elements few research has looked at the prevalence and distribution of transposable elements/ integrons in piggery farm samples. Present study identified the presence of six transposable elements namely Tn6763 (Accession number: OQ565300), Tn6764, (Accession number: OQ565299), Tn6765 (Accession number: OQ409902), Tn2003 (Accession number: OQ503494), Tn6072 (Accession number: OQ565298) and Tn6020 (Accession number: OQ503493) in piggery farm waste from India which are belongs to Enterobacteriaceae family. In a conjugative experiment, Klebsiella isolates carrying Tn6020 having the resistant phenotypes for nalidixic acid was used as donor cells while Escherichia coli DH5α Cells carrying chloramphenicol resistant plasmid was employed as recipient cells.

Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype III Strains Detection and Genome Sequencing from Indian Pig and Mosquito Vector.

Japanese encephalitis viruses (JEVs) are globally prevalent as deadly pathogens in humans and animals, including pig, horse and cattle. Japanese encephalitis (JE) still remains an important cause of epidemic encephalitis worldwide and exists in a zoonotic transmission cycle. Assam is one of the highly endemic states for JE in India.

Development of CD163 receptor-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

Unlabelled: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an important economical disease in the global swine industry. The accurate detection of the PRRS virus (PRRSV) antigen is essential for the disease control and prevention programme. In this study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (PRRSVCD163-iELISA) was developed for the detection of the PRRSV antigen in samples of post-mortem swine tissue using the recombinant pig CD163 receptor protein as the capture ligand.

Profiling of key heat shock proteins and their relationship with male sexual behavior and seminal characteristics in Kankrej (Bos indicus) breeding bulls during different seasons.

The goal of this study is to use indirect ELISA to determine the concentration of major heat shock proteins (Hsps) in Kankrej (Bos indicus) breeding bulls and their relationship with certain male phenotypic traits including sexual behavior, sperm quality, and bull fertility in different seasons. The seasonal fluctuation in the concentration of three major Hsps (60, 70, and 90) was determined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). According to the findings, Hsps levels are significantly higher during the summer season and are associated with both fresh and post-thawed semen quality traits in Kankrej breeding bulls.

Porcine Circovirus type 2 infected myocardial tissue transcriptome signature.

The goal of this study was to compare the global gene expression profile in cardiac tissues of pig infected with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) to that of healthy cells. Since PCV2 infection causes severe cardiovascular lesions, the myocardial tissue model was chosen for this study. In High-throughput transcriptome analysis, DESeq2 and CLC genomics workbench analyses revealed a total of 196 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (p-value < 0.

Development of multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of African swine fever, porcine circo and porcine parvo viral infection from clinical samples.

A diagnostic method for simultaneously detecting and distinguishing African Swine Fever (ASF), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and porcine parvovirus (PPV) in clinical specimens is critical for differential diagnosis, monitoring, and control in the field. Three primer pairs were designed and used to create a multiplex PCR assay. In addition, 356 porcine post mortem tissue samples from various parts of India's North Eastern region were tested by the developed multiplex PCR assay to demonstrate its accuracy.

Differentially expressed microRNAs in biochemically characterized Frieswal crossbred bull semen.

In addition to the transmission of paternal genome, spermatozoa also carry coding as well as noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) into the female oocyte during the process of biological fertilization. Based on RNA deep sequencing, a total 28 number of differentially expressed miRNAs were cataloged in categorized Frieswal crossbred (Holstein Friesian X Sahiwal) bull semen on the basis of conception rate (CR) in field progeny testing program. Validation of selected miRNAs viz.

Comparative CpG methylation kinetic patterns of cis-regulatory regions of heat stress-related genes in Sahiwal and Frieswal cattle upon persistent heat stress.

The kinetic patterns of CpG methylation of the cis-regulatory region of heat stress-related genes on exposed to heat stress (at 42 °C) between the Sahiwal and Frieswal cattle was compared in the present study. Using an in vitro whole blood culture model, cells were continuously exposed to heat stress (at 42 °C) for 6 h. Methylation levels of five genes, viz.

Development of a RAPD marker-based classification criterion for quality semen production in Holstein crossbred bulls.

In cattle production systems, an intense selection pressure for production traits has resulted in the decline of fertility traits. To optimize an efficient reproduction system, the inclusion of both male and female fertility traits in the selection process is very much essential. RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) was developed as a molecular biology tool and has been extensively used, to study intra- and interspecific genetic diversity.

Comparative miRNA signatures among Sahiwal and Frieswal cattle breeds during summer stress.

Unlabelled: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to take part in different biological mechanisms, including biotic as well as abiotic cellular stresses. The present investigation was aimed to identify comparative expression profile of differentially expressed miRNAs among Sahiwal () and Frieswal ( × ) cattle breeds during summer stress. Stress responses in animals were characterized by recording various physiological parameters, biochemical assays and expression profiling of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) during elevated environmental temperature.

Expression pattern of bta-mir-2898 miRNA and their correlation with heat shock proteins during summer heat stress among native vs crossbred cattle.

Earlier studies identified the role of bta-mir-2898 in bovine. Our earlier study identified that, bta-mir-2898 can be over expressed in crossbred cattle during heat stress. Nevertheless the differential expression of bta-mir-2898 among native vs crossbred cattle during summer stress along with it's correlation with different heat shock proteins (HSPs) is not yet studied.

Association of bovine KISS1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with reproductive traits in Indian Cattle.

Kisspeptins, a family of neuropeptide encoded by the Kiss1 gene, have emerged as crucial regulator of fertility and reproduction by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The present study was aimed to identify and associate SNPs in the KISS1 gene with reproductive traits in cattle of Indian origin. DNA samples collected from 300 individual cows of three Indian dairy breeds (Gir, Kankrej and Frieswal) of cattle were used in the study.

Effect of heat stress on superoxide anion production in native and crossbred cattle under in vitro whole blood culture model.

Impact of global warming on the dairy industry has gained attention due to huge economic losses through low production and fertility caused by heat stress. Exposure to hyperthermia provokes a series of complex responses in mammals which are been related to morphological and physiological alterations including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A quantitative spectrophotometric based nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay was used to estimate the superoxide anion (•O) level in heat stressed (at 42 °C) whole blood cultures of native and crossbred bulls (Sahiwal and Frieswal), in vitro.

Database on spermatozoa transcriptogram of catagorised Frieswal crossbred (Holstein Friesian X Sahiwal) bulls.

Bull spermatozoa contain different functional genes and many of them plays important roles in different stages of spermatogenesis, spermatozoa kinetics, fertilization as well as embryonic development. RNA deep sequencing is one of the preferred tools for absolute quantification of messenger RNA. The intention of the current study was to investigate the abundance of spermatozoal transcripts in categorized Frieswal (Holstein-Friesian X Sahiwal) crossbred bull semen through RNA deep sequencing.