A Higher-Protein, Energy Restriction Diet Containing 4 Servings of Fresh, Lean Beef per Day Does Not Negatively Influence Circulating miRNAs Associated with Cardiometabolic Disease Risk in Women with Overweight.

This study examined the acute effects of 7-d energy restriction normal-protein (NP; ∼15% of daily intake as protein) compared with higher-protein (HP; ∼38% of daily intake as protein) diets varying in quantities of fresh, lean beef on circulating miRNA expression associated with cardiometabolic disease in 16 women with overweight (mean ± SD; age: 35 ± 8.7 y; body mass index: 28.5 ± 1.

Strenuous training combined with erythropoietin induces red cell volume expansion-mediated hypervolemia and alters systemic and skeletal muscle iron homeostasis.

Strenuous physical training increases total blood volume (BV) through expansion of plasma volume (PV) and red cell volume (RCV). In contrast, exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) treatment increases RCV but decreases PV, rendering BV stable or slightly decreased. This study aimed to determine the combined effects of strenuous training and EPO treatment on BV and markers of systemic and muscle iron homeostasis.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Do Not Affect the Bone Metabolic Response to Exercise.

Purpose: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are associated with increased stress fracture risk, potentially due to inhibiting the adaptive bone formation responses to exercise. This study investigated if a single, maximal dose of three different NSAID alters bone formation biomarker response to strenuous exercise.

Methods: In a randomized, counterbalanced order, 12 participants (10 male, 2 female), performed four bouts of plyometric jumps, each separated by at least 1 wk.

A Diet Containing Animal Source Protein as Fresh, Lean Beef Is More Well Liked and Promotes Healthier Eating Behavior Compared with Plant-Based Alternatives in Women with Overweight.

Background: Despite limited evidence from intervention trials, replacing animal-source protein-rich foods with plant alternatives continues to be recommended as part of a healthy dietary pattern.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine whether a diet containing fresh, lean beef elicits greater satiety, reduces ad libitum food intake, and is more acceptable compared with a diet containing plant alternatives in women with overweight.

Methods: Seventeen women with overweight (mean ± SEM, age: 33 ± 1 y; BMI: 27.

Consuming Whey Protein with Added Essential Amino Acids, Not Carbohydrate, Maintains Postexercise Anabolism While Underfed.

Purpose: Energy deficiency decreases muscle protein synthesis (MPS), possibly due to greater whole-body essential amino acid (EAA) requirements and reliance on energy stores. Whether energy deficit-induced anabolic resistance is overcome with non-nitrogenous supplemental energy or if increased energy as EAA is needed is unclear. We tested the effects of energy as EAA or carbohydrate, combined with an EAA-enriched whey protein, on postexercise MPS (%·h -1 ) and whole-body protein turnover (g protein·240 min -1 ).

A single, maximal dose of celecoxib, ibuprofen, or flurbiprofen does not reduce the muscle signalling response to plyometric exercise in young healthy adults.

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Conflicting evidence exists on whether NSAIDs influence signaling related to muscle adaptations and exercise with some research finding a reduction in muscle protein synthesis signaling via the AKT-mTOR pathway, changes in satellite cell signaling, reductions in muscle protein degradation, and reductions in cell proliferation. In this study, we determined if a single maximal dose of flurbiprofen (FLU), celecoxib (CEL), ibuprofen (IBU), or a placebo (PLA) affects the short-term muscle signaling responses to plyometric exercise.

Examining the Direct and Indirect Effects of Postprandial Amino Acid Responses on Markers of Satiety following the Acute Consumption of Lean Beef-Rich Meals in Healthy Women with Overweight.

The consumption of protein-rich foods stimulates satiety more than other macronutrient-rich foods; however, the underlying mechanisms-of-action are not well-characterized. The objective of this study was to identify the direct and indirect effects of postprandial amino acid (AA) responses on satiety. Seventeen women (mean ± SEM, age: 33 ± 1 year; BMI: 27.

Exogenous erythropoietin increases hematological status, fat oxidation, and aerobic performance in males following prolonged strenuous training.

This study investigated the effects of EPO on hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct), time trial (TT) performance, substrate oxidation, and skeletal muscle phenotype throughout 28 days of strenuous exercise. Eight males completed this longitudinal controlled exercise and feeding study using EPO (50 IU/kg body mass) 3×/week for 28 days. Hgb, Hct, and TT performance were assessed PRE and on Days 7, 14, 21, and 27 of EPO.

Indices of Sleep Health Are Associated With Timing and Duration of Eating in Young Adults.

Background: Limited data exist examining whether timing and/or duration of eating behaviors throughout the day affect sleep health.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between eating behaviors and sleep in young adults without chronic diseases or conditions.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study using 7 days of baseline data from a randomized crossover trial.

Higher Expression of miR-15b-5p with Inclusion of Fresh, Lean Beef as Part of a Healthy Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with Markers of Cardiometabolic Disease Risk.

Background: Considerable controversy exists surrounding the consumption of red meat and its impacts on cardiometabolic health and if it may further impact risk factors at the molecular level.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of dietary patterns, varying in red meat quantity, on the expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), which are emerging biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction and chronic disease severity.

Methods: Secondary analyses were performed on plasma samples collected within a randomized, crossover design study in 16 women with overweight (mean ± standard deviation, age = 33 ± 9.

O blood type is not associated with worse coagulopathy or outcome in exsanguinating trauma.

Background: Despite improving understanding of trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC), mortality and morbidity due to exsanguinating trauma remain high. Increased complications due to hemorrhage have been reported in blood group O, possibly due to reduced levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF).

Methods: An urban level 1 adult trauma center registry was retrospectively queried.

NSAIDs do not prevent exercise-induced performance deficits or alleviate muscle soreness: A placebo-controlled randomized, double-blinded, cross-over study.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently consumed by athletes to manage muscle soreness, expedite recovery, or improve performance. Despite the prevalence of NSAID use, their effects on muscle soreness and performance, particularly when administered prophylactically, remain unclear. This randomized, double-blind, counter-balanced, crossover study examined the effect of consuming a single dose of each of three NSAIDs (celecoxib, 200 mg; ibuprofen, 800 mg; flurbiprofen, 100 mg) or placebo 2 h before on muscle soreness and performance following an acute plyometric training session.

Preauthorization Inconsistencies Prevail in Reduction Mammaplasty.

Background: Despite evidence documenting the physical and psychological benefits of breast reduction, third-party payer approval remains a cumbersome process. The objective of this study was to assess differences in medical necessity criteria for reduction mammaplasty among US insurance carriers while analyzing trends in claim denials and appeals.

Methods: The medical necessity criteria for reduction mammaplasty were retrieved from seven large health insurance carriers.

Protein Source Influences Acute Appetite and Satiety but Not Subsequent Food Intake in Healthy Adults.

Background: Although current recommendations encourage plant-based dietary patterns, data is limited as to whether the equivalent substitution of animal-based protein-rich foods with plant-based versions impacts ingestive behavior.

Objectives: To compare higher-protein preloads, varying in protein source, on appetite, satiety, and subsequent energy intake.

Methods: Thirty-two adults (age: 25 ± 1 y; body mass index (BMI) measured in kg/m: 24.

Effects of energy balance on cognitive performance, risk-taking, ambulatory vigilance and mood during simulated military sustained operations (SUSOPS).

Unlabelled: Sustained operations (SUSOPS) require military personnel to conduct combat and training operations while experiencing physical and cognitive stress and limited sleep. These operations are often conducted in a state of negative energy balance and are associated with degraded cognitive performance and mood. Whether maintaining energy balance can mitigate these declines is unclear.

Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid masslike structures in a pediatric population referred for suspected papilledema.

Background: Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid masslike structures (PHOMS) are now considered a common cause of pseudopapilledema in the pediatric population.

Methods: The medical records of all patients ≤18 years of age with PHOMS, confirmed on optical coherence tomography, seen at single pediatric neuro-ophthalmology clinic between 2017 and 2021 were reviewed retrospectively.

Results: A total of 47 patients (35 females), with median age of 12.

Mild to Moderate Food Deprivation Increases Hepcidin and Results in Hypoferremia and Tissue Iron Sequestration in Mice.

Background: Short-term starvation and severe food deprivation (FD) reduce dietary iron absorption and restricts iron to tissues, thereby limiting the amount of iron available for erythropoiesis. These effects may be mediated by increases in the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin; however, whether mild to moderate FD has similar effects on hepcidin and iron homeostasis is not known.

Objectives: To determine the effects of varying magnitudes and durations of FD on hepcidin and indicators of iron status in male and female mice.

Circulating and skeletal muscle microRNA profiles are more sensitive to sustained aerobic exercise than energy balance in males.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate molecular processes governing muscle metabolism. Physical activity and energy balance influence both muscle anabolism and substrate metabolism, but whether circulating and skeletal muscle miRNAs mediate those effects remains unknown. This study assessed the impact of sustained physical activity with participants in energy balance (BAL) or deficit (DEF) on circulating and skeletal muscle miRNAs.

Initial military training modulates serum fatty acid and amino acid metabolites.

Initial military training (IMT) results in increased fat-free mass (FFM) and decreased fat mass (FM). The underlying metabolic adaptations facilitating changes in body composition during IMT are unknown. The objective of this study was to assess changes in body composition and the serum metabolome during 22-week US Army IMT.

Physiological Limitations of Protein Foods Ounce Equivalents and the Underappreciated Role of Essential Amino Acid Density in Healthy Dietary Patterns.

Protein quality is an important component of protein intake to support growth, development, and maintenance of essential body tissues and functions. Therefore, protein quality should be emphasized as a key characteristic during protein food selection within the larger context of healthy dietary patterns, especially when considering the wide variance of protein quality across animal- and plant-based foods. However, the USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) do not address specific protein quality recommendations within their protein foods ounce equivalents guidance or as a component of Healthy U.

Effects of energy balance on appetite and physiological mediators of appetite during strenuous physical activity: secondary analysis of a randomised crossover trial.

Energy deficit is common during prolonged periods of strenuous physical activity and limited sleep, but the extent to which appetite suppression contributes is unclear. The aim of this randomised crossover study was to determine the effects of energy balance on appetite and physiological mediators of appetite during a 72-h period of high physical activity energy expenditure (about 9·6 MJ/d (2300 kcal/d)) and limited sleep designed to simulate military operations (SUSOPS). Ten men consumed an energy-balanced diet while sedentary for 1 d (REST) followed by energy-balanced (BAL) and energy-deficient (DEF) controlled diets during SUSOPS.

Essential amino acid-enriched whey enhances post-exercise whole-body protein balance during energy deficit more than iso-nitrogenous whey or a mixed-macronutrient meal: a randomized, crossover study.

Background: The effects of ingesting varying essential amino acid (EAA)/protein-containing food formats on protein kinetics during energy deficit are undetermined. Therefore, recommendations for EAA/protein food formats necessary to optimize both whole-body protein balance and muscle protein synthesis (MPS) during energy deficit are unknown. We measured protein kinetics after consuming iso-nitrogenous amounts of free-form essential amino acid-enriched whey (EAA + W; 34.

Essential Amino Acids and Protein Synthesis: Insights into Maximizing the Muscle and Whole-Body Response to Feeding.

Ingesting protein-containing supplements and foods provides essential amino acids (EAA) necessary to increase muscle and whole-body protein synthesis (WBPS). Large variations exist in the EAA composition of supplements and foods, ranging from free-form amino acids to whole protein foods. We sought to investigate how changes in peripheral EAA after ingesting various protein and free amino acid formats altered muscle and whole-body protein synthesis.

Energy deficit increases hepcidin and exacerbates declines in dietary iron absorption following strenuous physical activity: a randomized-controlled cross-over trial.

Background: Strenuous physical activity promotes inflammation and depletes muscle glycogen, which may increase the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin reduces dietary iron absorption and may contribute to declines in iron status frequently observed following strenuous physical activity.

Objectives: To determine the effects of strenuous physical activity on hepcidin and dietary iron absorption and whether energy deficit compared with energy balance modifies those effects.