Skeletal muscle omics signatures in cancer cachexia: perspectives and opportunities.

Cachexia is a life-threatening complication of cancer that occurs in up to 80% of patients with advanced cancer. Cachexia reflects the systemic consequences of cancer and prominently features unintended weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. Cachexia impairs cancer treatment tolerance, lowers quality of life, and contributes to cancer-related mortality.

Using a Network Physiology Approach to Prescribe Exercise for Exercise Oncology.

Current American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) exercise guidelines for exercise oncology survivors are generic one-size fits all recommendations, which assume ideal or prototypic health and fitness state in order to prescribe. Individualization is based on the objective evaluation of the patient's baseline physiological status based on a linear dose response relationship of endpoints. This is only a partial snapshot of both the acute and chronic responses exercise can provide.

Cancer treatment effects on cognition and depression: The moderating role of physical activity.

Objectives: Breast cancer survivors report significant cognitive impairments post treatment, particularly following chemotherapy. Depression may also occur post treatment and may partially mediate the effects of cancer treatment on cognition. Additionally, physical activity has been shown to mitigate treatment effects on cognition and depression.

The effect of exercise on body composition and bone mineral density in breast cancer survivors taking aromatase inhibitors.

Objective: This study examined the effect of 12 months of aerobic and resistance exercise versus usual care on changes in body composition in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors taking aromatase inhibitors (AIs).

Methods: The Hormones and Physical Exercise study enrolled 121 breast cancer survivors and randomized them to either supervised twice-weekly resistance exercise training and 150 min/wk of aerobic exercise (N = 61) or a usual care (N = 60) group. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were conducted at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months to assess changes in body mass index, percent body fat, lean body mass, and bone mineral density.

Effect of exercise on metabolic syndrome variables in breast cancer survivors.

Objective. Breast cancer survivors are highly sedentary, overweight, or obese, which puts them at increased risk for comorbid chronic disease. We examined the prevalence of, and changes in, metabolic syndrome following 6 months of an aerobic exercise versus usual care intervention in a sample of sedentary postmenopausal breast cancer survivors.

Obesity, growth hormone and exercise.

Growth hormone (GH) is regulated, suppressed and stimulated by numerous physiological stimuli. However, it is believed that obesity disrupts the physiological and pathological factors that regulate, suppress or stimulate GH release. Pulsatile GH has been potently stimulated in healthy subjects by both aerobic and resistance exercise of the right intensity and duration.

Effects of acute resistance exercise on muscle damage and perceptual measures between men who are lean and obese.

The purpose of this investigation was to assess indices of muscle damage and psychological stress between young, untrained, lean, and obese men. Using a between-subject design, 19 young men (9 lean men [age, 20.1 ± 2.

Effect of exercise on markers of inflammation in breast cancer survivors: the Yale exercise and survivorship study.

Physical activity is associated with improved breast cancer survival, but the underlying mechanisms, possibly including modification of the inflammatory state, are not well understood. We analyzed changes in interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and TNF-α in a randomized controlled trial of exercise in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Seventy-five women, recruited through the Yale-New Haven Hospital Tumor Registry, were randomized to either a six-month aerobic exercise intervention or usual care.

Effects of resistance exercise and obesity level on ghrelin and cortisol in men.

Resistance exercise (RE) is increasingly recommended by health organizations as a weight management tool. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an acute high-volume, whole-body RE protocol on the glucoregulatory and ghrelin response in sedentary obese and lean men. Five World Health Organization (WHO) class 1 obese (body mass index [BMI], 30.

Immunoreactive and bioactive growth hormone responses to resistance exercise in men who are lean or obese.

It has been suggested that obese individuals have a blunted growth hormone (GH) response to spontaneous and stimulated GH secretion. The present study was designed to examine the effects of a high-volume, whole body acute resistance exercise (RE) protocol on immunoreactive GH (iGH), bioactive GH (bGH), and GH-binding protein (GHBP) in sedentary lean and obese men. Nine obese (mean ± SD: 20.

Growth hormone, exercise, and athletic performance: a continued evolution of complexity.

Growth hormone (hGH) presents pleiotropic effects in many tissues encompassing a diverse range of physiological actions. Its complexity as a family of hormones with different isoforms and different somatotroph molecular functions continues to challenge the status quo of our understanding of its release, function, and signaling. Owing to the fact that the majority of the literature has viewed hGH from the perspective of the primary 22 kD monomer, further investigation is needed as to the influence and biological activity of other aggregate and splice variant isoforms that are released into circulation.

Effects of a whole body compression garment on markers of recovery after a heavy resistance workout in men and women.

The primary purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of a whole body compression garment on recovery from a typical heavy resistance training workout in resistance-trained men and women. Eleven men (mean +/- SD: age, 23.0 +/- 2.

l-Carnitine l-tartrate supplementation favorably affects biochemical markers of recovery from physical exertion in middle-aged men and women.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Carnipure tartrate (Lonza, Allendale, NJ) supplementation (total dose of 2 g/d of l-carnitine) on markers of performance and recovery from physical exertion in middle-aged men and women. Normally active and healthy men (n = 9, 45.4 +/- 5.

Factors affecting flutter kicking speed in women who are competitive and recreational swimmers.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between possible predictive measures of a 50 m front crawl swimming and a 22.86 m flutter kicking speed. Ten women who were National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate swimmers and 10 women who were recreational swimmers (mean +/- SD = 20.

Relationship between off-ice testing variables and on-ice speed in women's collegiate synchronized figure skaters: implications for training.

The purpose of the current investigation was to identify any existing relationships between off-ice performance measures and on-ice performance quantified by speed and acceleration. Twenty-seven women (age 19 +/- 1 year; body mass (59.5 +/- 6.

Endocrine response patterns to acute unilateral and bilateral resistance exercise in men.

Rehabilitation programs and research experiments use single-arm protocols in which the contralateral arm is not functional or used as a control limb. This study was interested in determining the hormonal signal impacts of such one- versus two-arm exercise responses that might have an impact on adaptational changes with training. The purpose was to examine the acute hormonal responses to a unilateral and a bilateral upper-body resistance exercise (RE) protocol.

Endogenous opioid peptide responses to opioid and anti-inflammatory medications following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage.

To determine the effects of Vicoprofen, Ibuprofen, and a placebo on the responses of endogenous opioid peptides following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage 36 healthy men (age: 22.8 years; height: 178.8+/-6.

Effect of resistance exercise on muscle steroid receptor protein content in strength-trained men and women.

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effect of resistance exercise (RE) on muscle androgen receptor (AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein content. Fifteen resistance-trained men (n=8; 21+/-1 years, 175.3+/-6.

Effects of amino acids supplement on physiological adaptations to resistance training.

Introduction: Previous research has demonstrated that ingestion of essential amino acids and their metabolites induce anabolic effects with the potential to augment gains in lean body mass and strength after resistance exercise training.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of an essential amino acid-based formula (Muscle Armor (MA); Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) containing beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on hormonal and muscle damage markers in response to 12 wk of resistance exercise.

Methods: Seventeen healthy men (mean body mass: 77.

Effect of circulating growth hormone on muscle IGF-I protein concentration in female mice with growth hormone receptor gene disruption.

Growth hormone (GH) is a potent secretague for circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of circulating GH on muscle IGF-I protein expression using GH transgenic animal models. Three different models were used: mice that overexpress bovine GH (bGH; n=10), mice without a functional GH receptor (GHR-/-; n=10), and wildtype mice (n=10).

Recovery from a national collegiate athletic association division I football game: muscle damage and hormonal status.

The purpose of this study was to examine markers of skeletal muscle tissue damage and circulating anabolic and catabolic hormones to gain insight into the recovery process from Friday until Monday, when a new practice week begins. Twenty-eight National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players gave consent to participate in the investigation in the ninth game of the season. Sixteen players started the game and played the entire game (PL), and 12 others did not play and were on the bench during the game (DNP).

Influences of a dietary supplement in combination with an exercise and diet regimen on adipocytokines and adiposity in women who are overweight.

The influence of a proprietary blend of modified cellulose and cetylated fatty acids (Trisynextrade mark, Imagenetix, Inc., San Diego, CA 92127, USA) on adipocytokine and regional body composition responses to a weight loss program was examined. Twenty-two women (Supplement group (S) (n = 11): age = 36.

Effect of resistance exercise on muscle steroidogenesis.

Circulating testosterone is elevated acutely following resistance exercise (RE) and is an important anabolic hormone for muscle adaptations to resistance training. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effect of heavy RE on intracrine muscle testosterone production in young resistance-trained men and women. Fifteen young, highly resistance-trained men (n = 8; 21 +/- 1 yr, 175.

Effects of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on muscle oxygenation responses to resistance exercise.

Previous research has shown that L-carnitine L-tartrate (LCLT) supplementation beneficially affects markers of hypoxic stress following resistance exercise. However, the mechanism of this response is unclear. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the effects of LCLT supplementation on muscle tissue oxygenation during and after multiple sets of squat exercise.