Defect Engineered Ru-CoMOF@MoS Heterointerface Facilitate Water Oxidation Process.

Catalyst design plays a critical role in ensuring sustainable and effective energy conversion. Electrocatalytic materials need to be able to control active sites and introduce defects in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Furthermore, producing efficient catalysts with a distinct surface structure advances our comprehension of the mechanism.

Spatial and vertical distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the water columns of the regional seas of South Korea.

This study focused on analyzing the spatial and vertical distributions of 28 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), which comprised five precursors and three alternatives, in the water columns of the regional seas surrounding South Korea, such as the Yellow Sea (YS, Y1-Y10), East China Sea (ECS, EC1-EC6), South Sea (SS, S1-S5), and East Sea (ES, E1-E7). The concentrations of these PFASs detected in 204 seawater samples varied from below the limit of detection ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Growth of soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea on air-exposed solid surface.

Soil microorganisms often thrive as microcolonies or biofilms within pores of soil aggregates exposed to the soil atmosphere. However, previous studies on the physiology of soil ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs), which play a critical role in the nitrogen cycle, were primarily conducted using freely suspended AOM cells (planktonic cells) in liquid media. In this study, we examined the growth of two representative soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), EN76 and "" MY2, and a soil ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, ATCC 19718 on polycarbonate membrane filters floated on liquid media to observe their adaptation to air-exposed solid surfaces.

Binary Nature of Collisions Facilitates Runaway Electron Generation in Weakly Ionized Plasmas.

Dreicer generation is one of the main mechanisms of runaway electron generation in weakly ionized plasmas. It is often described as a diffusive flow from the Maxwellian core into high energies under the effect of the electric field. In this Letter we demonstrate a critical role of the binary nature of inelastic collisions in weakly ionized plasma during tokamak startup, where some electrons experience virtually no collisions during acceleration to the critical energy.

". Nitrosocosmicus" members are the dominant archaea associated with plant rhizospheres.

Unlabelled: Archaea catalyzing the first step of nitrification in the rhizosphere possibly have an influence on plant growth and development. In this study, we found a distinct archaeal community, dominated by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), associated with the root system of pepper ( L.) and ginseng plants ( C.

Angioembolization performed by trauma surgeons for trauma patients: is it feasible in Korea? A retrospective study.

Purpose: Recent advancements in interventional radiology have made angioembolization an invaluable modality in trauma care. Angioembolization is typically performed by interventional radiologists. In this study, we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of emergency angioembolization performed by trauma surgeons.

Validating polyp and instrument segmentation methods in colonoscopy through Medico 2020 and MedAI 2021 Challenges.

Automatic analysis of colonoscopy images has been an active field of research motivated by the importance of early detection of precancerous polyps. However, detecting polyps during the live examination can be challenging due to various factors such as variation of skills and experience among the endoscopists, lack of attentiveness, and fatigue leading to a high polyp miss-rate. Therefore, there is a need for an automated system that can flag missed polyps during the examination and improve patient care.

Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on fear of falling and physical activity in Parkinson's disease: a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in reducing the fear of falling (FOF) and promoting physical activity in individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods And Analysis: This is a prospective, multicentre, rater-blinded and randomised controlled trial. Patients with PD and a history of falls will be randomly assigned to either an 8-week ACT intervention group or a control group receiving standard care.

Scalable CIGS Solar Cells Employing a New Device Design of Nontoxic Buffer Layer and Microgrid Electrode.

The efficiency of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells that use transparent conductive oxide (TCO) as the top electrode decreases significantly as the device area increases owing to the poor electrical properties of TCO. Therefore, high-efficiency, large-area CIGS solar cells require the development of a novel top electrode with high transmittance and conductivity. In this study, a microgrid/TCO hybrid electrode is designed to minimize the optical and resistive losses that may occur in the top electrode of a CIGS solar cell.

Nitrous oxide respiration in acidophilic methanotrophs.

Aerobic methanotrophic bacteria are considered strict aerobes but are often highly abundant in hypoxic and even anoxic environments. Despite possessing denitrification genes, it remains to be verified whether denitrification contributes to their growth. Here, we show that acidophilic methanotrophs can respire nitrous oxide (NO) and grow anaerobically on diverse non-methane substrates, including methanol, C-C substrates, and hydrogen.

Long-term follow-up results of facial nerve schwannoma with good facial nerve function: a multicenter study.

Purpose: Facial nerve schwannomas (FNSs) are rare intracranial tumors, and the optimal management of these tumors remains unclear. We investigated the long-term follow-up results of FNS with good facial nerve function.

Methods: At nine medical centers in the Korean Facial Nerve Study Group, 43 patients undergoing observation periods longer than 12 months for FNS with good facial nerve function (House-Brackmann grade ≤ II) were enrolled, and clinical and radiographic data were obtained for these cases.

Application of a Novel 3D-Printed Nasal Plug as a Conservative Treatment for Empty Nose Syndrome.

Objective: Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is commonly treated by surgery, albeit with limited success. Herein, we introduce our experience of applying a newly developed "3D-printed nasal plug" as an alternative conservative treatment modality.

Methods: This retrospective study included 20 patients (14 males, 6 females; mean age 46.

Retrospective comparison of first-line treatments for odontogenic sinusitis based on duration of symptoms.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical efficacy of dental treatment and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), each primary/combined treatment modality, in patients with odontogenic sinusitis (ODS), according to its phase, acute or chronic.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data on 172 patients diagnosed with ODS. They were divided into two groups: acute (≤ 3 months; 90 patients) and chronic (> 3 months; 82 patients) ODS.

Bacteria involved in the sulfur cycle in tarballs collected from the Alabama Gulf Coast.

Tarballs are formed from released or discharged crude oil containing sulfur compounds. A considerable amount and variety of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) were identified in tarballs collected from the intertidal and supratidal zones of Alabama's Gulf beaches. Amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene showed that SRB were more abundantly distributed in the core than on the surface of tarballs, while no significant differences were observed in the distribution of SOB.

A comprehensive research setup for monitoring Alzheimer's disease using EEG, fNIRS, and Gait analysis.

Unlabelled: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a detrimental impact on brain function, affecting various aspects such as cognition, memory, language, and motor skills. Previous research has dominantly used electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to individually measure brain signals or combine the two methods to target specific brain functions. However, comprehending Alzheimer's disease requires monitoring various brain functions rather than focusing on a single function.

Effects of the Electrical Properties of SnO and C60 on the Carrier Transport Characteristics of p-i-n-Structured Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells.

Recently, metal halide perovskite-based top cells have shown significant potential for use in inexpensive and high-performance tandem solar cells. In state-of-the-art p-i-n perovskite/Si tandem devices, atomic-layer-deposited SnO has been widely used as a buffer layer in the top cells because it enables conformal, pinhole-free, and highly transparent buffer layer formation. In this work, the effects of various electrical properties of SnO and C60 layers on the carrier transport characteristics and the performance of the final devices were investigated using a numerical simulation method, which was established based on real experimental data to increase the validity of the model.

Emerging potentials of Fe-based nanomaterials for chiral sensing and imaging.

Fe-based nanostructures have possessed promising properties that make it suitable for chiral sensing and imaging applications owing to their ultra-small size, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, excellent photostability, tunable fluorescence, and water solubility. This review summarizes the recent research progress in the field of Fe-based nanostructures and places special emphases on their applications in chiral sensing and imaging. The synthetic strategies to prepare the targeted Fe-based structures were also introduced.

Transcriptomic Insights into Archaeal Nitrification in the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica.

Antarctic polynyas have the highest Southern Ocean summer primary productivity, and due to anthropogenic climate change, these areas have formed faster recently. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are among the most ubiquitous and abundant microorganisms in the ocean and play a primary role in the global nitrogen cycle. We utilized metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to gain insights into the physiology and metabolism of AOA in polar oceans, which are associated with ecosystem functioning.

Effect-Directed Analysis Combined with Nontarget Screening to Identify Unmonitored Toxic Substances in the Environment.

Effect-directed analysis (EDA) combined with nontarget screening (NTS) has established a valuable tool for the identification of unmonitored toxic substances in environmental samples. It consists of three main steps: (1) highly potent fraction identification, (2) toxicant candidate selection, and (3) major toxicant identification. Here, we discuss the methodology, current status, limitations, and future challenges of EDA combined with NTS.

DC-AAE: Dual channel adversarial autoencoder with multitask learning for KL-grade classification in knee radiographs.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a frequent musculoskeletal disorder that leads to physical disability in older adults. Manual OA assessment is performed via visual inspection, which is highly subjective as it suffers from moderate to high inter-observer variability. Many deep learning-based techniques have been proposed to address this issue.

Application of Bifacial Semitransparent CuInSe Absorber to the Bottom Cell in Bifacial Semitransparent Perovskite/CuInSe Tandem Solar Cell for Albedo Environment.

Although various types of bifacial solar cells exist, few studies have been conducted on bifacial semitransparent CuInSe solar cells (BS-CISe SCs) despite the attractive potential in power generation from both sides in an albedo environment. The optimized BS-CISe SCs with 300 and 800 nm-thick absorber via a streamlined single-stage co-evaporation process exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.32% and 10.