Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Have an Altered Gut Microbiome Composition of Fungi and Protozoa.

It is known that the bacterial gut microbiome is altered in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but far less is known about the role of eukaryotic microorganisms in IBD. While eukaryotes are rarer than bacteria within the gastrointestinal environment, the current literature suggests that they may also be implicated in IBD. In our study, we characterized these often-neglected eukaryotic microbial communities by identifying fungi and protozoa in published shotgun stool metagenomes from 355 people with IBD (206 with Crohn's disease, 126 with ulcerative colitis, and 23 with IBD-unclassified) and 471 unaffected healthy individuals.

Factors influencing terrestriality in primates of the Americas and Madagascar.

Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality is pervasive among the apes and African and Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it is largely absent among monkeys of the Americas (platyrrhines), as well as galagos, lemurs, and lorises (strepsirrhines), which are mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers and species-specific factors are suggested to set the conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality to terrestriality, and current environmental conditions may provide analogous scenarios to those transitional periods.

The Neglected Gut Microbiome: Fungi, Protozoa, and Bacteriophages in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The gut microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Studies suggest that the IBD gut microbiome is less diverse than that of the unaffected population, a phenomenon often referred to as dysbiosis. However, these studies have heavily focused on bacteria, while other intestinal microorganisms-fungi, protozoa, and bacteriophages-have been neglected.

Hyperoxemia in postsurgical sepsis/septic shock patients is associated with reduced mortality.

Background: Despite growing interest in treatment strategies that limit oxygen exposure in ICU patients, no studies have compared conservative oxygen with standard oxygen in postsurgical patients with sepsis/septic shock, although there are indications that it may improve outcomes. It has been proven that high partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO) reduces the rate of surgical-wound infections and mortality in patients under major surgery. The aim of this study is to examine whether PaO is associated with risk of death in adult patients with sepsis/septic shock after major surgery.

Renal involvement in sarcoidosis: histological patterns and prognosis, an Italian survey.

Background: Granulomatous interstitial nephritis in sarcoidosis (sGIN) is generally clinically silent, but in <1% causes acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods: This Italian multicentric retrospective study included 39 sarcoidosis-patients with renal involvement at renal biopsy: 31 sGIN-AKI, 5 with other patterns (No-sGIN-AKI), 3 with nephrotic proteinuria. We investigate the predictive value of clinical features, laboratory, radiological parameters and histological patterns regarding steroid response.

Cancer Patients at Risk for Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. A Case and Control Study Analyzing Predictors of MRONJ Onset.

The goal of this investigation was to identify potential risk factors to predict the onset of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Through the identification of the multiple variables positively associated to MRONJ, we aim to write a paradigm for integrated MRONJ risk assessment built on the combined analysis of systemic and local risk factors. The characteristics of a cohort of cancer patients treated with zoledronic acid and/or denosumab were investigated; beyond the set of proven risk factors a new potential one, the intake of new molecules for cancer therapy, was addressed.

Reply to Fusco et al. Is Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ) Associated to Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) 4/6 Inhibitors? A Word of Cautiousness. Comment on "Marcianò et al. Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws and CDK4/6 Inhibitors: A Recent Association. 2020, , 9509".

We read the letter from Dr. Fusco and colleagues with great interest, and we would like to thank them for the stimulating comments regarding our paper "Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws and CDK4/6 Inhibitors: A Recent Association" [..

Eculizumab as a New Treatment for Severe Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis: Two Case Reports.

Acute post-infections glomerulonephritis (APIGN) is a frequent cause of glomerulonephritis and represents the most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in children. It can evolve to severe acute renal failure and chronic kidney disease or even end-stage kidney disease. The precise pathophysiological mechanisms of APIGN are still incompletely understood.

Complement activation and blockade in massive post-partum haemorrhage, thrombotic microangiopathy and acute kidney injury: a case report.

Background: Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)-mediated acute kidney injury (AKI) following massive haemorrhage is a rare but severe complication of the post-partum period. It is associated with a poor renal prognosis and a high risk of end-stage kidney disease. Complement activation may occur in this picture.

Case Report: A Rare Truncating Variant of the Gene in IgA Nephropathy.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. Despite appropriate therapy, 20-40% of affected-patients evolve toward end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Mesangial IgA deposits are the hallmark of IgAN, and complement deposition (C3) seems to differentiate latent IgA mesangial deposits from active IgAN.

Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws and CDK4/6 Inhibitors: A Recent Association.

The purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors use among cancer patients from the medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) cohort of the University of Messina. We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients with either intravenous bisphosphonates or denosumab-related MRONJ reported in the electronic health records of the Unit of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Messina between the first quarter of 2018 and the first quarter 2020 to identify eligible patients. We observed six cases of MRONJ associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors concomitantly with intravenous bisphosphonates and/or denosumab in breast cancer patients.

The Inhibition of Complement System in Formal and Emerging Indications: Results from Parallel One-Stage Pairwise and Network Meta-Analyses of Clinical Trials and Real-Life Data Studies.

This manuscript presents quantitative findings on the actual effectiveness of terminal complement component 5 (C5) inhibitors and complement component 1 (C1) esterase inhibitors through their formal and common "off-label" (compassionate) indications. The results emanated from pairwise and network meta-analyses to present evidence until September 2019. Clinical trials (CT) and real-life non-randomized studies of the effects of interventions (NRSI) are consistent on the benefits of C5 inhibitors and of the absence of effects of C1 esterase inhibitors ( = 7484): Mathematically, eculizumab (surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) >0.

Treatment of pain post-brachial plexus injury using high-frequency spinal cord stimulation.

Purpose: Brachial plexopathy can sometimes cause severe chronic pain. There are many possible treatments for such neuropathic pain, including neuromodulation. However, rigorous scientific evidence on the usefulness of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is still scarce.

The Friday evening case of acute kidney injury: a crystal dilemma.

We report a case of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by amoxycillin crystalluria suggested by massive amounts of urinary crystals of unusual morphology. This hypothesis was further reinforced by a particular solubility pattern when the urine sample was exposed to various temperatures, alkali, acids and alcohol. We therefore suspended amoxycillin, which produced a rapid and complete recovery of kidney function.

Single and binary sorption of Cr(III) and Ni(II) onto modified pine bark.

This study aims to investigate the single and binary biosorption of Cr(III) and Ni(II) by pine bark chemically treated with NaOH solution (MPB). The studies involved the effect of initial pH in the equilibrium, as well as kinetic uptake using synthetic solutions. Equilibrium tests were also conducted with an industrial effluent.

Absence of Neurofibromin Induces an Oncogenic Metabolic Switch via Mitochondrial ERK-Mediated Phosphorylation of the Chaperone TRAP1.

Mutations in neurofibromin, a Ras GTPase-activating protein, lead to the tumor predisposition syndrome neurofibromatosis type 1. Here, we report that cells lacking neurofibromin exhibit enhanced glycolysis and decreased respiration in a Ras/ERK-dependent way. In the mitochondrial matrix of neurofibromin-deficient cells, a fraction of active ERK1/2 associates with succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and TRAP1, a chaperone that promotes the accumulation of the oncometabolite succinate by inhibiting SDH.

Long-Term Outcomes and Discard Rate of Kidneys by Decade of Extended Criteria Donor Age.

Background And Objectives: Extended criteria donors represent nowadays a main resource for kidney transplantation, and recovery criteria are becoming increasingly inclusive. However, the limits of this approach are not clear as well as the effects of extreme donor ages on long-term kidney transplantation outcomes. To address these issues, we performed a retrospective study on extended criteria donor kidney transplantation.

Are There Similar or Divergent Transitions to Adulthood in a Mediterranean Context? A Cross-National Comparison of Italy and Spain.

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences and similarities between Italy and Spain in regard to emerging adults' perceptions of identity status, autonomy, attachment, and life satisfaction. The goal was to verify whether a Mediterranean model of transitions from adolescence to adulthood exists. Three hundred and forty undergraduate students (171 Italians and 169 Spanish) ranging in age from 19 to 22 completed measures of identity status, emotional autonomy, attachment style, and life satisfaction.

Fish functional traits are affected by hydrodynamics at small spatial scale.

The Mediterranean damselfish Chromis chromis is a species with a broad distribution found both in the Mediterranean Sea and Eastern Atlantic as far south as the coast of Angola. We hypothesized that the species may have significant functional morphological plasticity to adapt along a gradient of environmental conditions. It is a non-migratory zooplanktivorous species and spends the daytime searching for food in the middle of the water column.

Inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase sensitizes cisplatin-resistant cells to death.

The mechanisms of cisplatin resistance, one of the major limitations of current chemotherapy, has only partially been described. We previously demonstrated that cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells (C13), are characterized by reduced mitochondrial activity and higher glucose-dependency when compared to the cisplatin-sensitive counterpart (2008). In this work we further characterized the role of metabolic transformation in cisplatin resistance.

Children of a lesser god or miracles? An emotional and behavioural profile of children born to mothers on dialysis in Italy: a multicentre nationwide study 2000-12.

Background: Pregnancy on dialysis is increasingly being reported. This study evaluates the behavioural profile of the children of mothers on dialysis and the parental stress their mothers undergo when compared with a group of mothers affected by a different chronic disease (microcythaemia) and a group of healthy control mothers.

Methods: Between 2000 and 2012, 23 on-dialysis mothers gave birth to 24 live-born children in Italy (23 pregnancies, 1 twin pregnancy, one of the twins deceased soon after delivery); of these, 16 mothers and 1 father (whose wife died before the inquiry) were included in the study (1 mother had died and the father was unavailable; 2 were not asked to participate because their children had died and 3 were unavailable; children: median age: 8.

Calcium-phosphate and parathyroid intradialytic profiles: A potential aid for tailoring the dialysate calcium content of patients on different hemodialysis schedules.

Severe hyperparathyroidism is a challenge on hemodialysis. The definition of dialysate calcium (Ca) is a pending issue with renewed importance in cases of individualized dialysis schedules and of portable home dialysis machines with low-flow dialysate. Direct measurement of calcium mass transfer is complex and is imprecisely reflected by differences in start-to-end of dialysis Ca levels.