[Failure of photocoagulation therapy for diabetic macular edema].

Purpose: To analyse clinical and tomographic features of diabetic macular edemas (DME) unresponsive to laser photocoagulation.

Methods: Retrospective study of 43 consecutive eyes presenting with severe DME defined by a macular thickening 450 microm or more, involving the fovea, and associated with either cystoid spaces and/or hard exudates threatening the center of the macula. All 43 eyes underwent subthreshold grid laser therapy (a mean of 2.

[Diabetic retinopathy in children and adolescents].

Diabetic retinopathy rarely occurs before puberty and is never proliferative in prepubescent children. On the opposite, puberty and adolescence are high-risk periods for diabetic retinopathy progression, and call for strict ophthalmologic monitoring. The period between 16 and 18 years of age is particularly critical.

eNOS4 polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase predicts risk for severe diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Genetic factors may be involved in the development, and particularly in the severity, of diabetic retinopathy (DR), in addition to chronic hyperglycaemia. Increased nitric oxide generation has been suggested to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of DR.

Aims And Methods: To examine whether the eNOS4 is involved in the risk of severe DR, 200 unrelated Caucasian Type 1 diabetic patients of long duration were randomly selected (M/F 103/97, age 44.

Taq I polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor and risk of severe diabetic retinopathy.

Aims/hypothesis: Vitamin D, a molecule with antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, antioxidant and immunosuppressive effects, could play a role in the pathogenesis of severe diabetic retinopathy. We examined whether Taq I polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor is involved in the development of severe diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: 200 unrelated C-peptide-negative French Type I diabetic patients were randomly selected (male:female, 103:97, age 44.

Grid photocoagulation for focal diabetic macular edema with focal leaks and hard exsudates involving the peri-foveolar area.

This study was conducted to determine whether indirect grid laser therapy is effective in reducing focal diabetic macular edema characterised by focal leaks and hard exsudates involving the para-foveal area (less than 300 microns from the center of the fovea). Since focal coagulation of microaneurysms in such a critical location can be deleterious, indirect grid pattern laser treatment may be used in such cases.

Full panretinal photocoagulation and early vitrectomy improve prognosis of florid diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Florid diabetic retinopathy (FDR) is a rare form of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) that is characterized by a bilateral rapidly progressive, very severe ischemic retinopathy. Florid diabetic retinopathy was reported to carry a high risk of blindness. This study was conducted to determine whether visual prognosis of FDR can be improved by appropriate photocoagulation and surgical management.

[Hard exudates in diabetic retinopathy].

In diabetic retinopathy the hard exudates are often arranged in a halo and correspond to a focal oedema. Their number may increase after correctly performed photocoagulation, and may decrease after a certain period. The central (macular) hard exudate may be subretinal and are a poor prognosis, leading to a fibrotic scar.

[Macular edema caused by contraction of the posterior hyaloid in diabetic retinopathy. Surgical treatment of a series of 22 cases].

We have observed some patients with diabetic macular edema who did not respond to grid laser treatment and who improved with spontaneous posterior vitreous detachment or vitrectomy. These cases have a taut and glistening vitreo-macular interface. Three such cases are presented in detail.

Delayed progression of diabetic retinopathy by divided insulin administration: a further follow-up.

We have previously reported a slower rate of progression in the number of microaneurysms in insulin dependent diabetic patients treated by divided insulin injections when compared to patients receiving a single daily insulin injection [Diabetes 25, 463--469 (1976)]. This observation is strengthened by the present analysis which uses complementary data obtained after a further year follow up: the mean yearly increase in the number of microaneurysms was 9 +/- 1 in the single injection group and 3 +/- 1 in the multiple one (p less than 0.001).

Effect of multiple daily insulin injections on the course of diabetic retinopathy.

Forty-two diabetic patients on insulin once a day in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy were randomly assigned to one of two kinds of insulin regimen, i.e., single or multiple daily injections.

Diabetic retinopathy, duration of diabetes and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

The present study, concerning 145 insulin-dependent diabetics showed positive relationships between the severity of retinal disease on the one hand, and body weight, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol level on the other. These relationships remain significant when the duration of the clinical diabetes and the age of the patient are taken into account. Two interpretations are suggested.