Meclizine seasickness medication and its effect on central nervous system oxygen toxicity in a murine model.

Introduction: Diving utilising closed circuit pure oxygen rebreather systems has become popular in professional settings. One of the hazards the oxygen diver faces is central nervous system oxygen toxicity (CNS-OT), causing potentially fatal convulsions. At the same time, divers frequently travel by boat, often suffering seasickness.

Mechanical interactions of invasive cancer cells through their substrate evolve from additive to synergistic.

Non-contacting, adjacent cancer cells can mechanically interact through their substrate to increase their invasive and migratory capacities that underly metastases-formation. Such mechanical interactions may induce additive or synergistic enhancement of invasiveness, potentially indicating different underlying force-mechanisms. To identify cell-cell-gel interactions, we monitor the time-evolution of three-dimensional traction strains induced by MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells adhering on physiological-stiffness (1.

Two- and three-dimensional de-drifting algorithms for fiducially marked image stacks.

Traction force microscopy has been established as the accepted method for evaluating cell-induced mechanical stresses to their microenvironments, typically using two-dimensional (2D) elastic, synthetic gel-substrates. As cells naturally experience 3D environments in vivo, traction microscopy has been adapted to 3D gels; cells can be tracked over time in 3D. Microscopy images acquired in several fields-of-view e.

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and motion sickness medications.

Objective: Seasickness is a widespread problem among naval crew, and has a major impact on their performance at sea. The three pharmacological agents most commonly employed in the treatment of seasickness are dimenhydrinate, cinnarizine, and scopolamine. At present, the effectiveness of anti-seasickness drugs is tested by a process of "trial and error", while sailing and exposed to sea conditions.

Mal de debarquement, motion sickness and the effect of an artificial horizon.

Background: Exposure to unfamiliar motion patterns commonly results in motion sickness and a false perception of motion, termed mal de debarquement, on the return to stable conditions.

Objective: To investigate whether motion sickness severity is correlated with the duration and severity of mal de debarquement; to study the possible preventive effect of projecting earth-referenced scenes (an artificial horizon) during exposure to motion on the development of mal de debarquement.

Methods: Thirty subjects were exposed to the recorded motion profile of a boat in a 3-degrees-of-freedom ship motion simulator.

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and habituation to seasickness.

Objective: Seasickness may impose severe limitations on the performance of ships' crew. Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) assess the function of the saccule, the organ responsible for monitoring vertical linear acceleration, which has been found to be the most provocative motion stimulus in the evolution of motion sickness. We used the cVEMP test in a prospective evaluation of susceptibility and habituation to seasickness.

Artificial horizon effects on motion sickness and performance.

Hypothesis: To investigate whether the projection of Earth-referenced scenes during provocative motion can alleviate motion sickness severity and prevent motion sickness-induced degradation of performance.

Background: Exposure to unfamiliar motion patterns commonly results in motion sickness and decreased performance.

Methods: Thirty subjects with moderate-to-severe motion sickness susceptibility were exposed to the recorded motion profile of a missile boat under moderate sea conditions in a 3-degrees-of-freedom ship motion simulator.