Elevations in plasma glucagon are associated with reduced insulin clearance after ingestion of a mixed-macronutrient meal in people with and without type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: The temporal suppression of insulin clearance after glucose ingestion is a key determinant of glucose tolerance for people without type 2 diabetes. Whether similar adaptations are observed after the ingestion of a mixed-macronutrient meal is unclear.

Methods: In a secondary analysis of data derived from two randomised, controlled trials, we studied the temporal responses of insulin clearance after the ingestion of a standardised breakfast meal consisting of cereal and milk in lean normoglycaemic individuals (n=12; Lean-NGT), normoglycaemic individuals with central obesity (n=11; Obese-NGT) and in people with type 2 diabetes (n=19).

The metabolome as a diagnostic for maximal aerobic capacity during exercise in type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Our aim was to characterise the in-depth metabolic response to aerobic exercise and the impact of residual pancreatic beta cell function in type 1 diabetes. We also aimed to use the metabolome to distinguish individuals with type 1 diabetes with reduced maximal aerobic capacity in exercise defined by .

Methods: Thirty participants with type 1 diabetes (≥3 years duration) and 30 control participants were recruited.

Adapting to compromised routines: Parental perspectives on physical activity and health for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in the UK during COVID-19 lockdown.

Purpose: To determine how COVID-19 lockdown impacted physical activity (PA) levels, wellbeing, and diabetes management in children (aged 0-17 years) with type 1 diabetes (T1D), from the perspectives of their parent/guardian.

Design And Methods: This qualitative descriptive study is part of a larger, parallel mixed-methods design study, which incorporated a cross-sectional survey and semi-structured one-to-one interviews. Interviewees were recruited from the survey, which was distributed to parents of children/adolescents with T1D in the UK.

Pre-Meal Whey Protein Alters Postprandial Insulinemia by Enhancing β-Cell Function and Reducing Insulin Clearance in T2D.

Context: Treatments that reduce postprandial glycemia (PPG) independent of stimulating insulin secretion are appealing for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Consuming pre-meal whey protein (WP) reduces PPG by delaying gastric emptying and increasing plasma insulin concentrations. However, its effects on β-cell function and insulin kinetics remains unclear.

Thrice daily consumption of a novel, premeal shot containing a low dose of whey protein increases time in euglycemia during 7 days of free-living in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: During acute feeding trials, consuming a large dose of whey protein (WP) before meals improves postprandial glucose regulation in people with type 2 diabetes. It is unclear if the reported benefits of premeal WP supplementation are translatable to everyday care or are associated with clinically meaningful, real-world glycemic outcomes. This study examined the application of a novel, premeal shot containing a low dose of WP on parameters of free-living glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes.

Capturing the real-world benefit of residual β-cell function during clinically important time-periods in established Type 1 diabetes.

Aims: Many individuals with type 1 diabetes retain residual β-cell function, with increased endogenous insulin secretion associated with reduced hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia and glycaemic variability. However, it is unknown when these improvements occur during the day. Dysglycaemia is common in overnight and postprandial periods and associated with diabetes complications.

EXercise to Prevent frailty and Loss Of independence in insulin treated older people with DiabetEs (EXPLODE): protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Introduction: There are 3.9 million people in the UK with diabetes. Sarcopenia, increased frailty and loss of independence are often unappreciated complications of diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes patients increase CXCR4 and CXCR7 haematopoietic and endothelial progenitor cells with exercise, but the response is attenuated.

Exercise mobilizes angiogenic cells, which stimulate vascular repair. However, limited research suggests exercise-induced increase of endothelial progenitor cell (EPCs) is completely lacking in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Clarification, along with investigating how T1D influences exercise-induced increases of other angiogenic cells (hematopoietic progenitor cells; HPCs) and cell surface expression of chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and 7 (CXCR7), is needed.

The Postprandial Glycaemic and Hormonal Responses Following the Ingestion of a Novel, Ready-to-Drink Shot Containing a Low Dose of Whey Protein in Centrally Obese and Lean Adult Males: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Elevated postprandial glycaemia [PPG] increases the risk of cardiometabolic complications in insulin-resistant, centrally obese individuals. Therefore, strategies that improve PPG are of importance for this population. Consuming large doses of whey protein [WP] before meals reduces PPG by delaying gastric emptying and stimulating the secretion of the incretin peptides, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP] and glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1].

Bone turnover and metabolite responses to exercise in people with and without long-duration type 1 diabetes: a case-control study.

Introduction: Exercise acutely alters markers of bone resorption and formation. As risk of fracture is increased in patients with type 1 diabetes, understanding if exercise-induced bone turnover is affected within this population is prudent. We assessed bone turnover responses to acute exercise in individuals with long-duration type 1 diabetes and matched controls.

Postexercise Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Is Associated With Residual β-Cell Function.

Objective: To investigate the impact of residual β-cell function on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) outcomes following acute exercise in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Research Design And Methods: Thirty participants with T1D for ≥3 years were recruited. First, participants wore a blinded CGM unit for 7 days of free-living data capture.