Characterization and Analysis of Okoume and Aiele Essential Oils from Gabon by GC-MS, Electronic Nose, and Their Antibacterial Activity Assessment.

Essential oil resins of (Okoume) and (Aiele) species, of the Burseraceae family, were studied to investigate their bioactive constituents and their antibacterial activities. Aiele resin had a higher yield (6.86%) of essential oil than Okoume (3.

Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa: Distribution Based on Social Status in Libreville (Gabon).

Objective: Many researchers continue to believe that urbanization is a major contributor to diabetes. We seek to demonstrate that the social status associated with urbanization has an impact on the prevalence of diabetes in Libreville, Gabon in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: Our study was conducted in Libreville, the capital of Gabon; the city has a population of 397,000.

Temporary forced oral breathing affects neonates oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide elimination, diaphragm muscles structure and physiological parameters.

Objectives: We studied adaptation of diaphragm, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide elimination to forced oral breathing (lasting for only 4 days) following reversible bilateral nasal obstruction performed on day 8 post-natal male rats.

Methods: Diaphragm myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide elimination and hormones level were analysed during nasal obstruction period.

Results: Diaphragm muscle showed significant increases in adult isoforms (MHC 1, 2a) in oral breathing group versus control.

Craniofacial development and physiological state after early oral breathing in rats.

In this study we determined whether craniofacial development in rats could be influenced by an early temporary (3 d) nasal obstruction associated with forced oral breathing. The rats were killed at specific time points after surgery. Plasma samples were taken for biochemical analyses, and cephalometric measurements were performed.

Effects of short term forced oral breathing: physiological changes and structural adaptation of diaphragm and orofacial muscles in rats.

Objective: We studied adaptation of diaphragm and orofacial muscles as well as hormonal responses to forced oral breathing (lasting for only 4 days) following reversible bilateral nasal obstruction performed on day 8 post-natal male rats.

Design: Muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition and hormone levels were analysed during two periods: 1 and 3 days after obstruction (days 9 and 11 post-natal), and following 3 months recovery with nasal breathing (90 days, adult).

Results: Diaphragm muscle showed significant increases in adult isoforms (MHC 1, 2a) in oral breathing group versus control.

Mother-pup interactions during a short olfactory deprivation period in young rats.

The effects of short-term bilateral naris occlusion (inducing olfactory deprivation) on mother-pup interactions, suckling behavior and hormonal status during post-natal development in Wistar rats were studied. Bilateral naris occlusion was performed on 8-day-old rat pups and its effects were evaluated at Day 9 and at Day 15. The narins opened spontaneously between Day 12 and 14.

Effects of short term forced oral breathing in rat pups on weight gain, hydration and stress.

Nasal obstruction is a risk factor in sleep-disordered breathing with a negative impact on the quality of life in humans. We investigated hydration changes produced by short term reversible, bilateral, nasal obstruction in young developing rat pups. Physiological parameters of growth (weight gain and gastric content weight) and dehydration were analyzed during two periods; during nasal obstruction at post-natal day 8 (days 9, 11 and 13), plus 7 and 90 days after recovery of nasal breathing (day 15 and adulthood).