Psychosis as a risk factor for violence to others: a meta-analysis.

The potential association between psychosis and violence to others has long been debated. Past research findings are mixed and appear to depend on numerous potential moderators. As such, the authors conducted a quantitative review (meta-analysis) of research on the association between psychosis and violence.

Subtle chirality in oxo- and sulfidorhenium(v) complexes.

Enantioenriched square-pyramidal oxo- and sulfidorhenium(v) complexes have been prepared and their stereochemistry studied by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy.

Masitinib in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis: results of a multicentre, open-label, dose-ranging, phase 2a study.

Introduction: Since current treatment options for patients suffering from active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain inadequate, especially for those unresponsive to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), new and improved medication is needed. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of masitinib (AB1010), a potent and selective protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor of c-KIT, in the monotherapy treatment of DMARD-refractory RA.

Methods: This was a multicentre, uncontrolled, open-label, randomised, dose-ranging, phase 2a trial.

Usability of robotic platforms for remote surgical teleproctoring.

Military field hospitals and rural medical centers may lack surgical subspecialists. Robotic technology can enable proctoring of remotely located general surgeons by subspecialists. Our objective compared three proctoring platforms: (1) 6-degree-of-freedom (DOF) computer input devices controlling a camera and laser pointer mounted on robotic arms, (2) a computer mouse controlling a pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera and robotic laser scanner, and (3) a computer pen/tablet controlling a PTZ-camera and robotic laser scanner.

Methylation analysis of BRCA1, RASSF1, GSTP1 and EPHB2 promoters in prostate biopsies according to different degrees of malignancy.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. CpG island methylation causes gene silencing and could be decisive in prostate carcinogenesis and progression. Its role was investigated at multiple gene sites during prostate carcinogenesis.

Genetic polymorphisms in CYP1A1, CYP1B1, COMT, GSTP1 and NAT2 genes and association with bladder cancer risk in a French cohort.

Unlabelled: Tobacco smoking and environmental exposures are the main known risk factors for bladder cancer (BC) via exposure to chemical carcinogens. Genetic differences in the metabolism of chemicals have been suggested to be associated with individual susceptibility to BC. Polymorphisms in genes coding to metabolising enzymes, resulting in variation of carcinogen detoxification efficiency, may therefore change the response of individuals to chemical carcinogens and be associated with an increased BC risk.

Immunohistochemical staining of mucin 1 in prostate tissues.

Unlabelled: Prostate cancer is a major public health problem in the world. Molecular studies are necessary for the development of prognostic markers in prostate cancer. There is a great interest in mucin studies in treatment development of human malignancies, including prostate cancer.

M-protein and other intrinsic virulence factors of Streptococcus pyogenes are encoded on an ancient pathogenicity island.

Background: The increasing number of completely sequenced bacterial genomes allows comparing their architecture and genetic makeup. Such new information highlights the crucial role of lateral genetic exchanges in bacterial evolution and speciation.

Results: Here we analyzed the twelve sequenced genomes of Streptococcus pyogenes by a naïve approach that examines the preferential nucleotide usage along the chromosome, namely the usage of G versus C (GC-skew) and T versus A (TA-skew).

Positive surgical margin appears to have negligible impact on survival of renal cell carcinomas treated by nephron-sparing surgery.

Background: The occurrence of positive surgical margins (PSMs) after partial nephrectomy (PN) is rare, and little is known about their natural history.

Objective: To identify predictive factors of cancer recurrence and related death in patients having a PSM following PN.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Some 111 patients with a PSM were identified from a multicentre retrospective survey and were compared with 664 negative surgical margin (NSM) patients.

Oncological risk of laparoscopic surgery in urothelial carcinomas.

Objective: To assess the oncological safety of laparoscopic procedures for the management of urothelial carcinomas of the urinary tract.

Methods: Data on laparoscopic management of urothelial carcinomas in the literature were analysed using MEDLINE and by matching the following keywords: urological malignancies, upper tract tumours, bladder carcinomas, laparoscopic approach, recurrence, follow-up and metastasis site.

Results: Minimally invasive techniques are being used increasingly in the management of these tumours and successfully achieving the benefits of lower blood loss and more rapid patient recovery.

DNA repair gene ERCC2, XPC, XRCC1, XRCC3 polymorphisms and associations with bladder cancer risk in a French cohort.

In polygenic diseases, association studies look for genetic variation such as polymorphisms in low penetrance genes, i.e. genes in interaction with environmental factors.

Orally administered isoflavones are present as glucuronides in the human prostate.

Better knowledge of the bioavailability and metabolism of isoflavones in prostate tissue is needed to further investigate their mechanisms of action in the context of prostate cancer prevention. A total of 12 men with benign prostatic hyperplasia received soy extract supplementation (3 Evestrel capsules, providing a total of 112.5 mg isoflavones aglycone eq/day) for 3 days before prostate surgery.

[Circumcision and HIV].

The idea that circumcision decreases the risk of sexual transmission of HIV was first proposed in the 1980s, at the time of the worldwide emergence of HIV infection. Many descriptive studies have subsequently been conducted to confirm this effect. Over the last two years, three experimental studies have provided scientific proof of the protective effect of circumcision, evaluated to be about 60%.

[Oncologic urology: synopsis of the 101st Congress of the French Association of Urology].

Regarding renal cell carcinoma, most recent advances concern metastatic cases in which antiangiogenic agent seem to be efficient for specific survival and outcome without progression of the disease. In prostate cancer, new urinary molecular markers, more specific than PSA, are currently under development to allow an early and non invasive diagnosis of the disease. Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy is a growing surgical approach in the treatment of localized prostate cancer, at the expense of the laparoscopic approach, with satisfactory oncologic preliminary results.

[Functional urology: synopsis of the 101st Congress of the French Association of Urology].

Functional urology knows more and more a marked development. Regarding benign prostatic hyperplasia, combined treatments are used often and new molecules such as inhibitor of phosphodiesterase of type 5 are appearing. The gold standard treatment of urinary incontinence with sphincteric deficiency remains the artificial urinary sphincter, in men and in women, where the rate of success is nearly of 95 %.

["Superficial bladder cancers" do not exist anymore].

"Superficial bladder tumours" term is progressively abandoned in the urological community because of its ambiguity leading possibly to harmful confusions. The French Oncologic Society proposes to designate by non-infiltrating bladder neoplasm by the muscle Ta, T1 and Tis tumours.

[General practical survey of individual prostate cancer screening].

Objective: To assess the practices of general practitioners in the Auvergne region concerning individual prostate cancer screening, to compare these practices with published guidelines and to identify those points that are most difficult to perform.

Material: An anonymous postal survey using a predefined questionnaire was conducted among 1339 general practitioners in the Auvergne region identified by the URSSAF file on 1st January 2006. This was a declarative survey with no individual financial reward.

[Adjuvant medical treatment or radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy or curative radiotherapy].

Treatment of prostate cancer with a high risk of recurrence following local treatment (surgery or radiotherapy) remains a controversial subject. Adjuvant treatment must be scheduled if there are factors for a poor prognosis from the anatomopathologic results of biopsies or the excised prostate. The aim of this treatment is to destroy any remaining tumour cells after curative treatment.

Concomitant administration of a virosome-adjuvanted hepatitis a vaccine with routine childhood vaccines at age twelve to fifteen months: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The objectives of this trial were to test for noninferiority of a virosomal hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine (Epaxal) coadministered with routine childhood vaccines compared with Epaxal given alone and to an alum-adjuvanted HAV vaccine (Havrix Junior) coadministered with routine childhood vaccines.

Methods: Healthy children 12- to 15-month-old were randomized to receive either a pediatric dose (0.25 mL) of Epaxal coadministered with DTPaHibIPV, oral polio vaccine, and measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (n = 109; group A), or Epaxal given alone (n = 105; group B), or Havrix Junior coadministered with DTPaHibIPV, oral polio vaccine, and measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (n = 108; group C).

The Personality Assessment Inventory as a proxy for the Psychopathy Checklist Revised: testing the incremental validity and cross-sample robustness of the Antisocial Features Scale.

The Personality Assessment Inventory's (PAI's) ability to predict psychopathic personality features, as assessed by the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), was examined. To investigate whether the PAI Antisocial Features (ANT) Scale and subscales possessed incremental validity beyond other theoretically relevant PAI scales, optimized regression equations were derived in a sample of 281 Canadian federal offenders. ANT, or ANT-Antisocial Behavior (ANT-A), demonstrated unique variance in regression analyses predicting PCL-R total and Factor 2 (Lifestyle Impulsivity and Social Deviance) scores, but only the Dominance (DOM) Scale was retained in models predicting Factor 1 (Interpersonal and Affective Deficits).

Identification and characterization of pathogenicity and other genomic islands using base composition analyses.

Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) are major factors contributing to the pathogenicity of bacteria and to their resistance to antibiotics. In general, genomic islands (GIs), of which PAIs are a subset, increase the fitness of their hosts by providing new functions. With the number of available whole genome sequences growing exponentially, in silico methods have been developed to detect putative PAIs and GIs within them.

Solving ambiguities in contig assembly of Idiomarina loihiensis L2TR chromosome by in silico analyses.

Nucleotide composition analyses of bacterial genomes such as cumulative GC skew highlight the atypical, strongly asymmetric architecture of the recently published chromosome of Idiomarina loihiensis L2TR, suggesting that an inversion of a 600-kb chromosomal segment occurred. The presence of 3.4-kb inverted repeated sequences at the borders of the putative rearrangement supports this hypothesis.

[Giant ureterohydronephrosis of the lower segment due to obstructive megaureter in a context of ureteropelvic duplication].

Ureterohydronephrosis of the lower segment in a context of ureteric duplication is a rare entity and is usually associated with vesicoureteric reflux. The authors report the case of a 35-year-old woman with giant ureterohydronephrosis of the lower segment secondary to partial ureteric duplication due to primary megaureter discovered in a context of infection. After primary percutaneous drainage of the collection, treatment consisted of partial nephrectomy with preservation of the good quality upper segment.