One-week intramuscular or intradermal pre-exposure prophylaxis with human diploid cell vaccine or Vero cell rabies vaccine, followed by simulated post-exposure prophylaxis at one year: A phase III, open-label, randomized, controlled trial to assess immunogenicity and safety.

Shorter rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimens may offer improved convenience and feasibility over classic 3-week regimens, for example in regions with poor access to vaccines or for travelers to rabies-endemic regions. In this multicenter, open-label, controlled trial, 570 healthy participants aged 2-64 years were randomized to receive: 1-week PrEP (vaccination days [D]0 and 7; Group 1) or classic 3-week PrEP regimen (D0, D7, and D21; Group 2) with one 1.0 mL intramuscular [IM] dose of human diploid cell culture rabies vaccine (HDCV) at each visit; 1-week PrEP with two 0.

Single-visit, 4-site intradermal (ID) rabies vaccination induces robust immune responses 5 years after 1-week, 4-site ID primary post-exposure prophylaxis in the Philippines.

Background: In a randomized controlled study (NCT01622062) a 1-week, 4-site intradermal (ID, 4-4-4-0-0) post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) rabies vaccination regimen with purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV, Verorab®, Sanofi Pasteur), either without (Group 1) or with (Group 2) purified equine rabies immunoglobulin (ERIG), patients in the Philippines achieved seroconversion rates at Day 14 that were non-inferior to that of the updated Thai Red Cross (TRC) 28-day, 2-site (2-2-2-0-2) ID regimen with ERIG (Group 3). Presented here are the annual immunogenicity data up to five years after the last primary dose, and the immunogenicity and safety data following simulated PEP with single-visit, 4-site ID regimen.

Methods: Rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) were determined by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT).

Purified Vero Cell Rabies Vaccine (PVRV, Verorab): A Systematic Review of Intradermal Use Between 1985 and 2019.

The purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV; Verorab, Sanofi Pasteur) has been used in rabies prevention since 1985. Evolving rabies vaccination trends, including shorter intradermal (ID) regimens with reduced volume, along with WHO recommendation for ID administration has driven recent ID PVRV regimen assessments. Thus, a consolidated review comparing immunogenicity of PVRV ID regimens during pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is timely and beneficial in identifying gaps in current research.

Towards rabies elimination in the Asia-Pacific region: From theory to practice.

Rabies is a major neglected zoonotic disease and causes a substantial burden in the Asian region. Currently, Pacific Oceania is free of rabies but enzootic areas throughout southeast Asia represent a major risk of disease introduction to this region. On September 25-26, 2019, researchers, government officials and related stakeholders met at an IABS conference in Bangkok, Thailand to engage on the topic of human rabies mediated by dogs.

Intradermal post-exposure rabies vaccination with purified Vero cell rabies vaccine: Comparison of a one-week, 4-site regimen versus updated Thai Red Cross regimen in a randomized non-inferiority trial in the Philippines.

Background: Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) via intradermal (ID) administration is standard practice in Asia. Accumulating evidence suggests that PEP shortened to 3 visits in one week does not adversely affect seroconversion rates or immune memory.

Objective: To determine whether the seroconversion rate at Day14 with a 1-week, 4-site (4-4-4-0-0) ID vaccination regimen with or without rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) was non-inferior to the updated Thai Red Cross (TRC) 28-day, 2-site (2-2-2-0-2) ID regimen with RIG during rabies PEP.

Post-licensure, phase IV, safety study of a live attenuated Japanese encephalitis recombinant vaccine in children in Thailand.

Background: Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral disease endemic in most countries in Asia. A recombinant live, attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine, JE-CV, is licensed in 14 countries, including Thailand, for the prevention of Japanese encephalitis in adults and children.

Methods: This was a prospective, phase IV, open-label, multicentre, safety study of JE-CV conducted from November 2013 to April 2015, to evaluate rare serious adverse events (AEs).

Persistence of Rabies Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies after Vaccination of Rural Population following Vampire Bat Rabies Outbreak in Brazil.

Background: Animal control measures in Latin America have decreased the incidence of urban human rabies transmitted by dogs and cats; currently most cases of human rabies are transmitted by bats. In 2004-2005, rabies outbreaks in populations living in rural Brazil prompted widespread vaccination of exposed and at-risk populations. More than 3,500 inhabitants of Augusto Correa (Pará State) received either post-exposure (PEP) or pre-exposure (PrEP) prophylaxis.

Immunogenicity and Safety of a Booster Dose of a Live Attenuated Japanese Encephalitis Chimeric Vaccine Given 1 Year After Primary Immunization in Healthy Children in the Republic of Korea.

Background: This study evaluated the effect of a booster vaccination of a new, live attenuated, Japanese encephalitis chimeric vaccine (JE-CV). Previously this vaccine has been used as a booster 12 months after priming with an inactivated vaccine and at >24 months after priming with the same JE-CV. This study evaluates the immunogenicity and safety of the JE-CV given at 12-24 months after JE-CV priming.

A randomized study of the immunogenicity and safety of Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) in comparison with SA14-14-2 vaccine in children in the Republic of Korea.

A new live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) has been developed based on innovative technology to give protection against JE with an improved immunogenicity and safety profile. In this phase 3, observer-blind study, 274 children aged 12-24 months were randomized 1:1 to receive one dose of JE-CV (Group JE-CV) or the SA14-14-2 vaccine currently used to vaccinate against JE in the Republic of Korea (Group SA14-14-2). JE neutralizing antibody titers were assessed using PRNT50 before and 28 days after vaccination.

Persistence of immunity from 1 year of age after one or two doses of hepatitis A vaccine given to children in Argentina.

Background: This study was done to determine the immunogenicity of a single dose of hepatitis A vaccine in children, providing needed clinical data on the flexibility of booster administration.

Methods: Participants had received one dose of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (Avaxim™ 80 U Pediatric) at 12-23 months of age or two doses of the same vaccine at 12 and 18 months of age prior to enrolment. Anti-hepatitis A antibody concentrations were measured at the first, second, and third year after vaccination.