Guilt, Shame and Academic Misconduct.

Moral and self-conscious emotions like guilt and shame can function as internal negative experiences that punish or deter bad behaviour. Individual differences exist in people's tendency to experience guilt and shame. Being disposed to experience guilt and/or shame may predict students' expectations of their emotional reactions to engaging in immoral behaviour in the form of academic misconduct, and thus dissuade students from intending to engage in this behaviour.

'Is hearing believing?': A study of voices and beliefs in psychosis and trauma.

Objective: This study compared voice characteristics and beliefs in participants diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with dissociation, schizophrenia (SCZ) and both diagnoses of SCZ and PTSD. The relationship between dissociation and voice beliefs was also assessed.

Method: We identified 56 participants meeting the diagnostic criteria for PTSD with dissociation, SCZ or both diagnoses (PTSD + SCZ) who also experienced auditory hallucinations.

Visual phenomenology in schizophrenia and post-traumatic stress disorder: an exploratory study.

Background: Visual experiences such as hallucinations are commonly reported by people with psychosis, psychological trauma and dissociative states, although questions remain about their similarities and differences. For diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, clinical research must better delineate and compare the characteristics of these experiences in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and in schizophrenia.

Aims: To compare visual phenomena and dissociation in participants with a primary psychotic illness and those with a trauma diagnosis.

Can anxiety and race interact to influence face-recognition accuracy? A systematic literature review.

Wrongful convictions continue to occur through eyewitness misidentification. Recognising what factors, or interaction between factors, affect face-recognition is therefore imperative. Extensive research indicates that face-recognition accuracy is impacted by anxiety and by race.

Dimensionality and Measurement Invariance of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA) and Validity Comparison With Measures of Negative Emotionality.

This study explored the factor structure of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA) and measurement invariance between genders. We also measured concurrent and divergent validity of the STICSA as compared to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). A sample of 1064 ( Females = 855) participants completed questionnaires, including measures of anxiety, depression, stress, positive and negative affect.

Are Individual Differences in Information-Processing Styles Related to Transformational Leadership? A Test of the Cognitive Experiential Leadership Model.

The recently proposed Cognitive Experiential Leadership Model (CELM) states that leaders' preference for rational thinking and behavioral coping will be related to their level of transformational leadership. The CELM was based on research that principally used cross-sectional self-report methods. Study 1 compared both self-ratings and follower-ratings of leadership styles with leaders' self-rated thinking styles in 160 leader-follower dyads.

Exploring the relationship between auditory hallucinations, trauma and dissociation.

Background: It is clinically imperative to better understand the relationship between trauma, auditory hallucinations and dissociation. The personal narrative of trauma has enormous significance for each individual and is also important for the clinician, who must use this information to decide on a diagnosis and treatment approach.

Aims: To better understand whether dissociation contributes in a significant way to hallucinations in individuals with and without trauma histories.

Why Students Do Not Engage in Contract Cheating.

Contract cheating refers to students paying a third party to complete university assessments for them. Although opportunities for commercial contract cheating are widely available in the form of essay mills, only about 3% of students engage in this behaviour. This study examined the reasons why most students do engage in contract cheating.

Validation of the Measurement of Need Frustration.

Until recently, need frustration was considered to be the absence of need satisfaction, rather than a separate dimension. Whilst the absence of need satisfaction can hamper growth, experiencing need frustration can lead to malfunctioning and subsequent psychopathology. Therefore, examining these constructs separately is vital, as they produce different outcomes, with the consequences of need frustration potentially more severe.

Trauma-intrusive hallucinations and the dissociative state.

Background: Research has supported a model of dissociation mediating the experience of hearing voices in traumatised individuals.

Aims: To further understand this model by examining subtypes of the dissociative experience involved in trauma-intrusive hallucinations.

Method: The study involved four hospitals, 11 psychiatrists and 69 participants assessed using the Psychotic Symptoms Rating scale, the PTSD Symptoms Scale Interview and the Dissociative Subtype of PTSD Score.

Soft Tissue and Skin Reinforcement with Acellular Dermal Matrix to Protect Implanted Cardioverters/Defibrillators and Pacemakers.

Cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverters/defibrillators are often placed in older patients with thin skin and scanty subcutaneous tissue. These devices and cardiac leads are at risk for progressive skin erosion and exposure leading to infection. To prevent this severe complication, we developed a reinforcing insertion of acellular dermal matrix.

Cross-Situational Self-Consistency in Nine Cultures: The Importance of Separating Influences of Social Norms and Distinctive Dispositions.

We assessed self-consistency (expressing similar traits in different situations) by having undergraduates in the United States ( n = 230), Australia ( n = 220), Canada ( n = 240), Ecuador ( n = 101), Mexico ( n = 209), Venezuela ( n = 209), Japan ( n = 178), Malaysia ( n = 254), and the Philippines ( n = 241) report the traits they expressed in four different social situations. Self-consistency was positively associated with age, well-being, living in Latin America, and not living in Japan; however, each of these variables showed a unique pattern of associations with various psychologically distinct sources of raw self-consistency, including cross-situationally consistent social norms and injunctions. For example, low consistency between injunctive norms and trait expressions fully explained the low self-consistency in Japan.

Where pseudo-hallucinations meet dissociation: a cluster analysis.

Objectives: The possible link between cognitive areas of perception and integration of consciousness was examined using assessments of hallucinations and derealisation/depersonalization.

Methods: Sixty-five subjects in three main diagnostic groups - posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), borderline personality disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia - identified by their treating psychiatrist as hearing voices were surveyed regarding characteristics of hallucinations, derealisation/depersonalization, delusions and childhood/adult trauma.

Results: A cluster analysis produced two clusters predominantly determined by variables of hallucinations measures, childhood sexual abuse and derealisation/depersonalization scores.

Low Intensity Epicardial Pacing During the Absolute Refractory Period Augments Left Ventricular Function Mediated by Local Catecholamine Release.

Background: Biventricular epicardial (Epi) pacing can augment left ventricular (LV) function in heart failure. We postulated that these effects might involve catecholamine release from local autonomic nerve activation. To evaluate this hypothesis we applied low intensity Epi electrical stimuli during the absolute refractory period (ARP), thus avoiding altered activation sequence.

Stiff left atrial syndrome after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: clinical characterization, prevalence, and predictors.

Background: There have been no studies of atrial diastolic function after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). We encountered a few patients with symptomatic left atrial (LA) diastolic dysfunction and associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) that developed after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Similar findings were described in patients after cardiac surgery and were referred to as the "stiff left atrial syndrome.

Salvage of pacemakers and automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators using dermis grafts.

Background: Thin patients with thoracic pacemakers and automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators often have minimal tissue over the devices, with erosion through the surface a major concern. This erosion can lead to device infection and need for removal, or primary device infection can, in turn, lead to erosion. Even worse is exposure and infection of the leads to the heart, with fatalities having occurred.

Culture, Method, and the Content of Self-Concepts: Testing Trait, Individual-Self-Primacy, and Cultural Psychology Perspectives.

Three theoretical perspectives on cultural universals and differences in the content of self-concepts were tested in individualistic (United States, n = 178; Australia, n = 112) and collectivistic (Mexico, n = 157; Philippines, n = 138) cultures, using three methods of self-concept assessment. Support was found for both trait perspectives and the individual-self-primacy hypothesis. In contrast, support for cultural psychology hypotheses was limited because traits and other personal attributes were not more salient, or social attributes less salient, in individualistic cultures than collectivistic cultures.

Culture, cross-role consistency, and adjustment: testing trait and cultural psychology perspectives.

Trait and cultural psychology perspectives on cross-role consistency and its relation to adjustment were examined in 2 individualistic cultures, the United States (N=231) and Australia (N=195), and 4 collectivistic cultures, Mexico (N=199), the Philippines (N=195), Malaysia (N=217), and Japan (N=180). Cross-role consistency in trait ratings was evident in all cultures, supporting trait perspectives. Cultural comparisons of mean consistency provided support for cultural psychology perspectives as applied to East Asian cultures (i.

Reduction of pacemaker pressure symptoms using nonantigenic preserved human dermis grafts.

Skin pressure symptoms can occur in thin patients with pacemakers, with erosion through the skin surface a possibility. To correct this problem without device removal, two patients had nonantigenic preserved human dermis grafts placed over their pacemakers. This acellular nonantigenic human dermal substitute provided significant thickness over the devices and improvement in pressure symptoms.

The effect of anxiety on impression formation: affect-congruent or stereotypic biases?

Two classes of theories propose that anxious individuals will form either more affect-congruent or more stereotypic impressions of others. These theories' predictions are not mutually exclusive. Eighty-one participants were examined to determine if either class of theories was more descriptive of the effect of anxiety on impression formation or whether a theory combining elements of both was more appropriate.