Primary urethral carcinoma in females: an epidemiologic study on demographical factors, histological types, tumour stage and survival.

Purpose: To obtain insight into demographical factors, histology and survival rates of females diagnosed with primary urethral cancer and to determine favourable treatment.

Methods: Data from 91 females with primary urethral carcinoma, age varying from 15 to 85 years, registered between 1989 and 2008 at the National Cancer Registry of the Netherlands were used for this study. Demographical factors, incidence rate, morphology and tumour stage according to TNM classification were analysed.

Markers for nodal metastasis in head and neck squamous cell cancer.

Objective: To identify markers that are relevant as predictors of lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell cancer.

Design: Expression of p53, Rb, cyclin D1, E-cadherin, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule was examined using immunohistochemical analysis and traditional histological parameters, and the correlation of these markers with the histologically verified presence of regional metastases was determined.

Subjects: The study sample comprised 121 patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer from whom paraffin-embedded material of primary tumors was used.