A workflow to assess the recoverability of secondary raw materials via physical separation.

Printed circuit boards represent an extraordinarily challenging fraction for the recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment. Due to the closely interlinked structure of the composing materials, the selective recycling of copper and closely associated precious metals from this composite material is compromised by losses during mechanical pre-processing. This problem could partially be overcome by a better understanding of the influence of particle size and shape on the recovery of finely comminuted and well-liberated metal particles during mechanical separation.

Selective leaching of indium from spent LCD screens by siderophore desferrioxamine E.

Given the criticality of indium (In) in high-tech applications, spent LCD screens can represent a viable secondary In resource. In this work, an innovative and alternative technology to selectively leach In from spent LCD screens using a microbial chelating agent, desferrioxamine E (DFOE), was developed. Indium was concentrated from spent LCD screens by implementing an adapted pre-treatment procedure, allowing the isolation of an indium-rich glassy fraction.

Effects of sources and routes of administration of vitamins A, D and copper on postnatal status of these micronutrients in piglets.

Twenty-six nulliparous sows were fed conventional gestation and lactation diets supplemented ( = 13) or not ( = 13) with extra daily supplements of 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol (25-OH-D3; 4 ĸIU), β-carotene (24 ĸIU), and copper ()-proteinate (45 mg) from day 90 of gestation to 21 d of lactation (). In each litter, 10 piglets were divided into 5 pairs received, at 2 () and 8 d () of age, one of the five combinations of micronutrient sources and routes of administration ( = 260 piglets total). These neonatal treatments (= 26 pairs or 52 piglets each) consisted of oral vitamin D3, retinol acetate and CuSO (); oral 25-OH-D3, β-carotene, and Cu proteinate (); exposure to ultraviolet light (), oral retinol palmitate and Cu gluconate (); intramuscular vitamin D3 and retinyl propionate and oral Cu acetate (); oral saline ().

Influence of Walker Sex and Familiarity on Scent-Marking Behavior of Juvenile and Mature Shelter Dogs.

Many mammals living on farms, in zoos, and in research settings behave differently with familiar people versus strangers, and the sex of the person can also influence interactions. We conducted two studies to examine the influence of a dog's sex and maturity and a walker's sex and familiarity on the behavior of shelter dogs during leash walks. In Study 1 with unfamiliar walkers ( = 113 dogs), we found that mature males urinated at higher rates when walked by a woman than by a man, whereas mature females urinated at similar rates.

Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Versus Anatomical Landmark-Guided Thoracolumbar Retrolaminar Techniques in Canine Cadavers.

The retrolaminar block was developed in humans as an easier and safer alternative to the thoracic paravertebral block. This study aims to describe an ultrasound-guided thoracolumbar retrolaminar injection in canine cadavers and compare the injectate distribution between a landmark-guided and an ultrasound-guided thoracolumbar retrolaminar technique using computed tomography. Ten canine cadavers were randomised to receive two injections each of 0.

Dynamic three-dimensional printing: The future of bronchoscopic simulation training?

High-fidelity models are required for technical mastery of bronchoscopic procedures in the fields of anaesthesia, intensive care, surgery and respiratory medicine. Our group has created a three-dimensional (3D) airway model prototype to emulate physiological and pathological movement. Developed from the concepts of our previously described 3D printed paediatric trachea for airway management training, this model produces movements created by injection of air or saline through a side Luer Lock port.

A water-soluble tomato extract rich in secondary plant metabolites lowers trimethylamine-n-oxide and modulates gut microbiota: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in overweight and obese adults.

Background: Natural products rich in polyphenols have been shown to lower plasma trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO) known for its proatherogenic effects by modulating the intestinal microbiota.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the impact of Fruitflow, a water-soluble tomato extract, on TMAO, fecal microbiota, and plasma and fecal metabolites.

Methods: Overweight and obese adults (n = 22, BMI 28-35 kg/m) were included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study receiving 2×150 mg Fruitflow per day or placebo (maltodextrin) for 4 wk with a 6-week wash-out between interventions.

Toward Emulating Human Movement: Adopting a Data-Driven Bitmap-Based "Voxel" Multimaterial Workflow to Create a Flexible 3D Printed Neonatal Lower Limb.

It is increasingly common to produce physical anatomical medical models using high-fidelity multiproperty 3D printing to assist doctor-patient communication, presurgical planning, and surgical simulation. Currently, most medical models are created using image thresholding and traditional mesh-based segmentation techniques to produce mono-material boundaries (STL file formats) of anatomical features. Existing medical modeling manufacturing methods restrict shape specification to one material or density, which result in anatomically simple 3D printed medical models with no gradated material qualities.

Sildenafil for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have a poor overall prognosis and there are few evidence-based drug therapies that reduce mortality.

Objective: We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether sildenafil reduces mortality, disease progression and adverse side effects.

Methods: We reviewed randomized controlled studies (RCTs) from MEDLINE, Cochrane registry of clinical trials, and EMBASE.

Medical treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a respiratory disorder with a poor prognosis. Our objective is to assess the comparative effectiveness of 22 approved or studied IPF drug treatments.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and clinicaltrials.

Association of time of day and extubation success in very low birthweight infants: a multicenter cohort study.

Objective: To determine the association of overnight extubation (OE) with extubation success.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study in three NICUs from 2016 to 2020. Infants without congenital anomalies, less than 1500 grams at birth, who were ventilated and received an extubation attempt were included.

Slacklining: A narrative review on the origins, neuromechanical models and therapeutic use.

Slacklining, the neuromechanical action of balance retention on a tightened band, is achieved through self-learned strategies combining dynamic stability with optimal energy expenditure. Published slacklining literature is recent and limited, including for neuromechanical control strategy models. This paper explores slacklining's definitions and origins to provide background that facilitates understanding its evolution and progressive incorporation into both prehabilitation and rehabilitation.

Human neural organoids: Models for developmental neurobiology and disease.

Human organoids stand at the forefront of basic and translational research, providing experimentally tractable systems to study human development and disease. These stem cell-derived, in vitro cultures can generate a multitude of tissue and organ types, including distinct brain regions and sensory systems. Neural organoid systems have provided fundamental insights into molecular mechanisms governing cell fate specification and neural circuit assembly and serve as promising tools for drug discovery and understanding disease pathogenesis.

Slacklining: An explanatory multi-dimensional model considering classical mechanics, biopsychosocial health and time.

This paper aims to overcome slacklining's limited formulated explanatory models. Slacklining is an activity with increasing recreational use, but also has progressive adoption into prehabilitation and rehabilitation. Slacklining is achieved through self-learned strategies that optimize energy expenditure without conceding dynamic stability, during the neuromechanical action of balance retention on a tightened band.

Radiopacity of Coronary Stents, an In Vitro Comparative Study.

Purpose: Interventional cardiology devices and especially stents are constantly evolving. A good radiopacity is essential to properly position the stent and to reduce the risk of complications during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We wanted to assess the radiopacity of coronary stents.

Academic motherhood during COVID-19: Navigating our dual roles as educators and mothers.

During the COVID-19 crisis, being a working mother has taken on a whole new meaning, as mothers navigate working from home while juggling childcare, as well as coming to terms with their intersecting identities. The current article is a feminist, heartful autoethnographic account, couched in Relational-Cultural Theory, surrounding our authentic experiences working from home and raising children during the worldwide pandemic. We explore academic motherhood, working from home, mental health, and coping during coronavirus and stay-at-home orders through engaged dialogue.

A three-dimensional (3D) printed paediatric trachea for airway management training.

There is a deficit of commercially available paediatric airway models for anaesthesia airway management training, particularly for infant front-of-neck access and customised airway planning. Acknowledging this, we created a three-dimensional printed prototype for an affordable, high-fidelity training device, incorporating realistic tactile feedback, reproducibility and potential for modification for specific patient pathologies. Our model, created on a Stratasys Polyjet J750™ (Rehovot, Israel) printer, is a novel and useful educational tool in paediatric airway management, and we are pleased to share access to this resource with readers.

When Can One Vaccinate with a Live Vaccine after Wild-Type Dengue Infection?

Recommendations have been issued for vaccinating with the Sanofi Pasteur tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV, Dengvaxia) individuals aged from 9 to 45/60 years old with a prior dengue virus (DENV) infection and living in endemic countries/areas. One question linked to these recommendations is to determine when it is possible to start vaccination after laboratory confirmed wild-type DENV infection, and this question can be relevant to any live vaccine to be used in endemic areas. To address it, we reviewed and discussed the immunological and practical considerations of live vaccination in this context.

Testing the Wyart-Cates model for non-Brownian shear thickening using bidisperse suspensions.

There is a growing consensus that shear thickening of concentrated dispersions is driven by the formation of stress-induced frictional contacts. The Wyart-Cates (WC) model of this phenomenon, in which the microphysics of the contacts enters solely via the fraction f of contacts that are frictional, can successfully fit flow curves for suspensions of weakly polydisperse spheres. However, its validity for "real-life", polydisperse suspensions has yet to be seriously tested.

Loss of Dynamic RNA Interaction and Aberrant Phase Separation Induced by Two Distinct Types of ALS/FTD-Linked FUS Mutations.

FUS is a nuclear RNA-binding protein, and its cytoplasmic aggregation is a pathogenic signature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It remains unknown how the FUS-RNA interactions contribute to phase separation and whether its phase behavior is affected by ALS-linked mutations. Here we demonstrate that wild-type FUS binds single-stranded RNA stoichiometrically in a length-dependent manner and that multimers induce highly dynamic interactions with RNA, giving rise to small and fluid condensates.

Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests and conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to determine prior dengue infection.

Background: In September 2018, the World Health Organization recommended that prevaccination screening be used with the tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV), to ensure that only individuals with evidence of prior dengue infection (PDI) are vaccinated. Dengue rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) would offer a potential solution for prevaccination screening at the point-of-care, but data on performance of available RDTs for identifying PDI are limited. We determined the suitability of four dengue RDTs and two conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to identify PDI and evaluated cross-reactivity with co-circulating flaviviruses.

Competing Timescales Lead to Oscillations in Shear-Thickening Suspensions.

Competing timescales generate novelty. Here, we show that a coupling between the timescales imposed by instrument inertia and the formation of interparticle frictional contacts in shear-thickening suspensions leads to highly asymmetric shear-rate oscillations. Experiments tuning the presence of oscillations by varying the two timescales support our model.

A seat at the table: Exploring the experiences of underrepresented minority women in STEM graduate programs.

Underrepresented minority (URM) women completing STEM degrees are lacking representation in both undergraduate and graduate programs as well as in STEM professions. The exclusion of this group from an entire professional field leads to a loss of unique and valuable perspectives that could greatly contribute to research and practice. Higher education should have an obligation to better understand both barriers and successes in an attempt to meet the needs of these students pursuing STEM careers.