Mortality risk factors in community-dwelling, subjectively healthy, Swiss older adults: update after 8-years follow-up.

Background: Worldwide population is ageing, but little is known regarding risk factors associated with increased mortality in subjectively healthy, community-dwelling older adults. We present the updated results of the longest follow-up carried out on Swiss pensioners and we provide results on potential risk factors associated with mortality before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials And Methods: Within the SENIORLAB study, we collected demographic data, anthropometric measures, medical history, and laboratory parameters of 1467 subjectively healthy, community-dwelling, Swiss adults aged ≥ 60 years over a median follow-up of 8.

Perianastomotic Irrigation With Passive Drainage Dramatically Decreases POPF Rate After High-risk Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Objective: To assess whether prophylactic irrigation and passive drainage of pancreatico-jejunal anastomosis could reduce leak and mortality rates after high-risk pancreaticoduodenectomies.

Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a life-threatening complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Several risk factors have been proposed likewise potential mitigation strategies.

Osteoporosis, diabetes, and hypertension are major risk factors for mortality in older adults: an intermediate report on a prospective survey of 1467 community-dwelling elderly healthy pensioners in Switzerland.

Background: Osteoporosis is an important morbidity factor for ageing populations in developed countries. However, compared to the amount of information available on diabetes and cardiovascular disease, little is known about the direct impact of osteoporosis on general mortality in older age.

Methods: We obtained data from a prospective population-based cohort of pensioners from the SENIORLAB study who were subjectively healthy.

Effect of a test meal on meal responses of satiation hormones and their association to insulin resistance in obese adolescents.

Objective: The role of gastrointestinal (GI) hormones in the pathophysiology of obesity is unclear, although they are involved in the regulation of satiation and glucose metabolism. To (i) examine glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), amylin, ghrelin, and glucagon responses to a meal in obese adolescents and to (ii) test which GI peptides are associated with insulin resistance are presented.

Methods: A total of 16 obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 97th percentile for age and gender) and 14 control (BMI between 25th and 75th percentiles) adolescents were included.

Glucocorticoid treatment, immobility, and constipation are associated with nutritional risk.

Purpose: The hypothesis of this clinical study was to determine whether glucocorticoid use and immobility were associated with in-hospital nutritional risk.

Methods: One hundred and one patients consecutively admitted to the medical wards were enrolled. Current medical conditions, symptoms, medical history, eating and drinking habits, diagnosis, laboratory findings, medications, and anthropometrics were recorded.

Primary care emergency services utilization in German-speaking Switzerland: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Traditionally, emergency consultations have been done by a general practitioner (GP) in Switzerland. Over the last years, there seems to have been a shift between general practice to hospital emergency ward utilisation. There are several local initiatives of general practitioners and hospitals to change the organisation of emergency care.

Nutritional risk is a clinical predictor of postoperative mortality and morbidity in surgery for colorectal cancer.

Background: This study investigated whether nutritional risk scores applied at hospital admission predict mortality and complications after colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods: Some 186 patients were studied prospectively. Clinical details, Reilly's Nutrition Risk Score (NRS) and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score, tumour stage and surgical procedure were recorded.

Controlled study of critical parent and family factors in the obesigenic environment.

Objective: Critical gaps remain in our understanding of the obesigenic family environment. This study examines parent and family characteristics among obese youth presenting for treatment in a clinic setting.

Research Methods And Procedures: Families of 78 obese youth (BMI z-score = 2.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 is involved in sodium and water homeostasis in humans.

Unlabelled: In previous studies with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) we have observed that this peptide modulates fluid intake and increases renal sodium excretion in healthy volunteers and in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. The effect of GLP-1 on thirst, water intake and on osmoregulation has, however, not been examined in detail in humans.

Methods: Seventeen healthy male subjects were enrolled in two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies.

Mapping of multidrug resistance gene 1 and multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 1 to 5 mRNA expression along the human intestinal tract.

Efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) in the intestinal wall restrict intestinal drug transport. To overcome this limitation for enteral drug absorption, galenical targeting approaches have been proposed for site-specific luminal drug release in segments of the gut, where expression of the respective absorption-limiting transporter is minimal. Therefore, expression of multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) and MRP1-5 was systematically investigated in 10 healthy subjects.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and eating.

New information regarding gastrointestinal mechanisms that participate in the control of food intake has extended our understanding of appetite control. Although each new signaling pathway discovered in the gut is a potential target for drug development in the treatment of obesity, the growing number of such signaling molecules indicates that a highly complex process controls food intake. The present summary focuses on the role of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in this regulatory process.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 induces natriuresis in healthy subjects and in insulin-resistant obese men.

Glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)-amide (GLP-1) is involved in satiety control and glucose homeostasis. Animal studies suggest a physiological role for GLP-1 in water and salt homeostasis. This study's aim was to define the effects of GLP-1 on water and sodium excretion in both healthy and obese men.

Interaction between GLP-1 and CCK-33 in inhibiting food intake and appetite in men.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and CCK-33 were intravenously infused alone or in combination into normal weight men for 60 min before they were served a lunch of ham sandwiches, chocolate mousse, and orange juice. Infusion of GLP-1 (dose: 0.9 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or CCK-33 (dose: 0.

Eating dysfunctions in college women: the roles of depression and attachment to fathers.

The authors examined the roles of depression and attachment to fathers in college women's eating dysfunctions. Three-hundred six undergraduate women completed (1) a diagnostic measure of eating dysfunctions that categorized them as asymptomatic, symptomatic but not eating disordered, or eating disordered; (2) 3 dimensional measures of attachment to fathers; and (3) a dimensional measure of depression. Depression was directly related to severity of participants' eating dysfunction; the eating-disordered group had scores consistent with clinical depression.

Increasing blood flow increases kt/V(urea) and potassium removal but fails to improve phosphate removal.

Background: Hyperphosphatemia and hyperkalemia are major determinants of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Half of the dialysis population suffers from hyperphosphatemia which is now recognized as an important cardiovascular disease risk factor. It is, therefore, necessary to improve the removal of these molecules.

Estimating phosphate removal in haemodialysis: an additional tool to quantify dialysis dose.

Background: Half of the dialysis population suffers from hyperphosphataemia, which is now recognized as a major factor of haemodialysis (HD) morbidity and mortality. Current control is focussed on reducing dietary phosphate intake and diminishing absorption using phosphate binders, whereas control and quantification of phosphate removal by HD is undervalued. The aim of this prospective study was to develop a simple, bedside formula to estimate dialytic phosphate removal in stable HD patients.

A meta-analysis of the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide on ad libitum energy intake in humans.

Seven studies have now been published pertaining to the acute effect of iv administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide on ad libitum energy intake. In four of these studies energy intake was significantly reduced following the glucagon-like peptide-1 infusion compared with saline. In the remaining studies, no significant effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 could be shown.

Role of gender upon basal and postprandial systemic and splanchnic haemodynamics in humans.

Background: Food intake, accompanied by systemic and splanchnic haemodynamic changes, has only been studied in males. The extent to which splanchnic postprandial hyperaemia shows gender differences is unknown.

Methods: We tested 1) the splanchnic hyperaemic response to food in females and 2) whether postprandial haemodynamic changes show gender differences.

Low-potassium and glucose-free dialysis maintains urea but enhances potassium removal.

Background: The influence of potassium (K) removal on dialysis efficiency as measured by urea elimination is not clear. In this prospective, randomized, cross-over study we investigated the magnitude of K removal and its effect on urea (u) elimination during high-flux haemodialysis (HD).

Methods: Twelve stable, non-diabetic HD patients were investigated during three one-week standardized HD periods (1.

Interaction between CCK and a preload on reduction of food intake is mediated by CCK-A receptors in humans.

Cholecystokinin (CCK) interacts with neural signals to induce satiety in several species, but the mechanisms are unclear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that alimentary CCK (CCK-A) receptors mediate the interaction of CCK with an appetizer on food intake in humans. CCK octapeptide (CCK-8, 0.

Perceived family environment and adjustment in American-born and immigrant Asian adolescents.

57 immigrant Asian adolescents were compared with 44 American-born adolescents of Asian descent to investigate differences in perceived family environment and adjustment. Immigrant Asian adolescents were significantly less adjusted, perceived significantly less independence and achievement orientation and significantly more organization in their families than their American-born peers. The family environment differences, unlike adjustment differences, persisted over length of time in the host country (USA).