Construct validity of a dietary protein assessment questionnaire to explore college students' knowledge and attitudes towards dietary protein.

Introduction: Misconceptions about dietary protein may exist due to unscientific information from commonly used sources such as social media. Understanding knowledge and attitudes towards protein is important for developing effective interventions to improve the dietary behaviors of U.S.

Observation of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic plane.

The origin of high-energy cosmic rays, atomic nuclei that continuously impact Earth's atmosphere, is unknown. Because of deflection by interstellar magnetic fields, cosmic rays produced within the Milky Way arrive at Earth from random directions. However, cosmic rays interact with matter near their sources and during propagation, which produces high-energy neutrinos.

Strong Constraints on Neutrino Nonstandard Interactions from TeV-Scale ν_{μ} Disappearance at IceCube.

We report a search for nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI) using eight years of TeV-scale atmospheric muon neutrino data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. By reconstructing incident energies and zenith angles for atmospheric neutrino events, this analysis presents unified confidence intervals for the NSI parameter ε_{μτ}. The best-fit value is consistent with no NSI at a p value of 25.

Erectile function after treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma of prostate and bladder.

Introduction: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) accounts for 5% of all pediatric tumors; 15-20% of these tumors are located in the urogenital tract, mostly originating from the prostate or bladder. In the light of the steadily improving prognosis for patients with RMS through interdisciplinary-multimodal study protocols with 60-70% long-term survivors, non oncological aspects such as erectile function (EF) have become increasingly important. The aim of this study was to evaluate EF in patients having undergone treatment for RMS of the bladder and prostate.

Radical surgery and different types of urinary diversion in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma of bladder or prostate--a single institution experience.

Purpose: In a retrospective study we analyzed the outcome of patients treated for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the bladder/prostate with special attention to radical surgery.

Methods: In 25 patients with genitourinary RMS (15 bladder/10 prostate) the median age at diagnosis was 4 years [1-18], and 8 patients had a stage II RMS, 12 stage III and 5 stage IV. In 19/25 (12 bladder/7 prostate), radical surgery and urinary diversion were performed.

Ovarian tumours: late extramedullary recurrence of acute leukaemia.

Objective: Isolated extramedullary relapse, especially ovarian recurrence, of acute leukaemia is rare. Local therapy such as irradiation or extensive surgical resection of the mass is ineffective and unnecessary.

Materials And Methods: Over a 20-year period we observed two girls with ovarian relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in over 300 treated children for ALL.

Late structural alterations of cerebral white matter in long-term survivors of childhood leukemia.

Purpose: To look for the presence and age-dependence of late structural alterations of otherwise normal-appearing cerebral gray and white matter after radiation and chemotherapy in adult survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during childhood.

Materials And Methods: In a group of 13 adult survivors 17-37 years old, who had been treated by total brain radiation (18-24 Gy) and chemotherapy 16-28 years ago, prospective MR examinations including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed. Evaluation included volumetry, calculation of mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA), and comparison of results to an age-matched control group.

Recovery kinetics of heart rate and oxygen uptake in long-term survivors of acute leukemia in childhood.

Analysis of the recovery period following physical exercise has gained importance in evaluating cardiopulmonary capacity, not only in athletes but also in patients with proven or suspected heart failure. The purpose of this study was to apply these methods to long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood, who are at risk of developing anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. Nine children (mean age 12 years) and 10 adults (mean age 24 years) were included in the study after treatment for childhood ALL.

Paediatric oncology.

Recent research into paediatric urologic oncology has identified a number of certain subgroups of neuroblastoma and Wilms' tumour, which allows a more tailored treatment of the individual child with respect to treatment sequelae and finance issues. The importance of surgery, radiotherapy and cytostatic treatment has to be individualized. The controversies regarding the management of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and the prostate remain unresolved.

[Wilms tumor].

Wilms tumor is the most frequent malignancy of the urogenital tract in children. Its treatment gives an excellent example of the efficacy of multimodal therapeutic strategies in oncological diseases. In particular, the performance of international, randomized multicenter studies has led to a continuous increase in disease-free survival among the affected patients in recent decades, thanks to increasingly detailed stratification of individual elements of the therapy.

Flow-cytometric DNA analysis of intracranial tumors in children.

The objective of this study was to investigate flow-cytometric DNA values of pediatric intracranial tumors, and to establish DNA analysis as a potential prognostic parameter. Twenty-nine brain tumor specimens from 26 pediatric patients were cryo-preserved within a 3-year period. The DNA content was measured by flow cytometry.

Results of the SIOP 93-01/GPOH trial and study for the treatment of patients with unilateral nonmetastatic Wilms Tumor.

Background: The treatment of Wilms Tumor is integrated into clinical trials since the 1970's. In contrast to the National Wilms Tumor Study Group (NWTSG) the SIOP trials and studies largely focus on the issue of preoperative therapy to facilitate surgery of a shrunken tumor and to treat metastasis as early as possible.

Patients And Methods: In the SIOP 93-01/GPOH trial and study 1 020 patients with a newly diagnosed renal tumor were registered.

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder, prostate or vagina: the role of surgery.

Objective: To retrospectively analyse the outcome of children with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the bladder, prostate or vagina who were treated with chemotherapy, with or without radical surgery or additional radiotherapy, at our institution since 1968.

Patients And Methods: From a total of 107 children with RMS seen between 1968 and December 2001, 22 (mean age 5.9, range 0.

Thioguanine offers no advantage over mercaptopurine in maintenance treatment of childhood ALL: results of the randomized trial COALL-92.

The German cooperative study group for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (COALL-92) was designed to examine the clinical effectiveness of thioguanine (TG) versus mercaptopurine (MP) in maintenance treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in a randomized multicenter trial. TG and MP are prodrugs and have to be converted intracellularly to 6-thioguanine nucleotides (TGNs) for cytostatic activity. TG is converted into TGN in fewer steps and has been shown to be more cytotoxic in equimolar doses in vitro compared with 6-MP.

[Head circumference in relation to sonographic morphometry of the cerebral ventricles in neonates and infants].

Aim: To determine normal values of sonographic measurements of the brain in neonates and infants.

Method: Cerebral ultrasonographic examinations were performed in 143 healthy newborns and infants. The size of the ventricles was determined by ascertaining distances as well as performing planimetric measurements of the ventricular area and circumference in standardized planes.

Obesity after childhood craniopharyngioma--German multicenter study on pre-operative risk factors and quality of life.

Background: Craniopharyngiomas are tumorous embryogenic malformations. As the survival rate after craniopharyngioma is high (92 %), prognosis and quality of life (QoL) in survivors mainly depend on adverse late effects such as obesity.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed 214 children and adolescents with craniopharyngioma.

Clinical aspects and prognosis of ependymoma in infants and children. A single institution experience.

Thirty-two patients (22 boys and 10 girls) with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of ependymoma were treated between 1972 and 1999. A total macroscopic resection was achieved in 16 of these patients, whereas 15 resections were classified by the surgeon as subtotal. In 1 patient a ventriculostomy was created as part of a palliative strategy.

Survivors of childhood cancer for more than twenty years.

Present health status, complications, and development of long-term survivors of childhood cancer followed for more than 20 years in a single institution were reviewed. The departmental database was searched to identify patients diagnosed with childhood cancer and consequently treated between 1965 and 1978. A total of 124 (77%) long-term survivors participated on a voluntary basis in the study.