Giant Soft Tissue Hemangioma of the Neck with Laryngeal Extension.

Introduction: Soft tissue hemangiomas are among the most prevalent soft tissue tumors and can pose diagnostic challenges due to their propensity to extend into various regions. In our case, imaging studies facilitated effective characterization of the mass, and timely intervention with sclerotherapy enabled adequate initial control of the lesion. Subsequently, medical management with propranolol and a second scheduled surgical intervention with sclerotherapy contributed to a reduction in the lesion size, alleviation of symptoms, and improvement in prognosis.

[Prevention of infectious diseases. Update on PAPPS 2024 vaccines].

Vaccination throughout life is the best way to prevent infectious diseases and improve people's quality of life. As health professionals we must know the vaccine indications and guidelines as if they were any other treatment. In the updates for this year 2024, we continue to focus on the most relevant developments in terms of indications, changes in vaccination guidelines, new vaccines incorporated into the adult calendar and even anticipating the next vaccines to be incorporated in a short period of time.

Sleep and Learning: A Systematic Review.

 Sleep deprivation has a great impact on the learning process in physicians in training. Therefore, inquiring on this phenomenon in the most recent investigations will facilitate the provision of evidence on the influence regarding the absence of sleep on the learning process in health personnel.  The aim of this systematic review is to review, analyze and discuss the current literature that shows the impact of sleep on the learning process on doctors in training.

Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Genetic Factors Related to Metabolic Alterations in People Living with HIV/AIDS.

Metabolic alterations are a common problem in people living with HIV (PLHIV), as a result of a stage of chronic inflammation that affects the homeostasis of the organism. Prolonged exposure to antiretroviral therapy has been associated with developing lipodystrophies that modify lipoprotein metabolism and inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are mediators of the immune response. The study aimed to associate TNF-α and IL-6 levels with their polymorphisms and metabolic alterations in PLIHV.

Association of Polymorphisms of the and Genes with Increased Risk of Hypertension and Obesity in Mexican Patients with COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2). COVID-19 can cause a cytokine release syndrome in which cytokines, including interleukin 17 (IL-17), are massively secreted in response to a specific stimulus. This can contribute to mortality and severe forms of COVID-19.

[Management from Primary Care of monkeypox infection (MPOX) in humans].

Monkeypox (MPOX) is a viral zoonosis endemic in West or Central African countries that is sporadically exported to another area. In May 2022, a global outbreak of MPOX smallpox began to occur in several countries in Europe and North America. Most of the reported cases are identified at the outpatient level and mainly affect men who have sex with men (MSM).

The role of local inflammation in complications associated with intubation in pediatric patients: A narrative review.

Although the most important primary local inflammatory response factor to intubation is not yet clear, it is known that it may be directly attributed to the presence of trauma during intubation or the response of oral bacterial flora present in the trachea. It is known that prolonged intubation is associated with worse outcomes, but other underlying systemic issues, such as sepsis and trauma, are also associated with this result. Likewise, patients who require advanced airway management and excessive manipulation are more likely to experience complications.

Dim Light at Night Promotes Circadian Disruption in Female Rats, at the Metabolic, Reproductive, and Behavioral Level.

Inhabitants of urban areas are constantly exposed to light at night, which is an important environmental factor leading to circadian disruption. Streetlights filtering light through the windows and night dim light lamps are common sources of dim light at night (DLAN). The female population is susceptible to circadian disruption.

Pseudotumor of the Maxillary Sinus in a Child with Von Willebrand Disease.

Introduction: Mandibular pseudotumors, also known as blood cysts, are rare complications which occur more frequently in patients with an associated bleeding disorder such as hemophilia.

Case Report: We present a case of a 2-year and 6-month-old patient with a hemophilic pseudotumor associated with Von Willebrand's disease, who consulted the emergency room due to spontaneous increase in volume of the left maxillary region, with no previous relevant medical history.

Conclusions: Different imaging studies were carried out to characterize the lesion, providing the necessary information for the correct approach.

[Infectious Disease Prevention Group: Update on vaccines, 2022].

The update of the preventive activities for this year 2022 in the field of infectious diseases is of special relevance due to the importance that prevention has gained and more specifically, vaccination as a tool to control the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus declared on March 11, 2020. The pandemic has focused much of the prevention efforts on its containment, but the importance of maintaining high vaccination coverage of the rest of the recommended vaccines to maintain good control of vaccine-preventable diseases and avoid complications in particularly vulnerable patients should not be forgotten. In this year's review we present a practical document with the aim of providing tools to primary care professionals who work with adults, to make the indication of each vaccine whether it is systematically recommended or if it is because the patient belongs to some risk group due to their condition or underlying pathology.

Timed restricted feeding cycles drive daily rhythms in female rats maintained in constant light but only partially restore the estrous cycle.

Light at night is an emergent problem for modern society. Rodents exposed to light at night develop a loss of circadian rhythms, which leads to increased adiposity, altered immune response, and increased growth of tumors. In female rats, constant light (LL) eliminates the estrous cycle leading to a state of persistent estrus.

Role of β-Klotho and Malondialdehyde in Metabolic Disorders, HIV Infection, and Antiretroviral Therapy.

Metabolic alterations, resulting from factors such as obesity or infections (HIV), generate inflammation in the body, affecting the immune system and causing oxidative stress. Prolonged exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) conditions the appearance of alterations considered risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS), affecting the quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). β-klotho is a protein that can counteract levels of oxidative stress.

In vitro 5-Fluorouracil resistance produces enhanced photodynamic therapy damage in SCC and tumor resistance in BCC.

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy worldwide, with rising incidence in the recent years. It includes basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Several non-invasive therapies have been developed for its treatment such as topical 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), among others.

TGFβ1 Secreted by Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts as an Inductor of Resistance to Photodynamic Therapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells.

As an important component of tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have lately gained prominence owing to their crucial role in the resistance to therapies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) stands out as a successful therapeutic strategy to treat cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we demonstrate that the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) cytokine secreted by CAFs isolated from patients with SCC can drive resistance to PDT in epithelial SCC cells.

Influence of the diagnostic protocol and age on the prostate cancer incidence rate in Castilla y León according to the national registry 2010.

Objective: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study of incidence and association, to determine whether the higher incidence of prostate cancer in Castilla y León (with respect to the national rate) could be due to modifiable factors.

Location: University Hospital Río Hortega.

Participants: New prostate cancer diagnoses.

FGF21 serum levels are related to insulin resistance, metabolic changes and obesity in Mexican people living with HIV (PLWH).

Background: Antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved prognosis in treatment against HIV infection, however, prolonged exposure is associated to cardiovascular diseases, lipodystrophy, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic alteration, as obesity which includes the accumulation of oxidative stress in adipose tissue. FGF21 is a peptide hormone that is known to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. FGF21 is expressed and secreted primarily in the liver and adipose tissue, promoting oxidation of glucose/fatty acids and insulin sensitivity.

[Basic aspects of COVID-19 for management from primary care].

SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted from person to person by inhalation or contact with respiratory droplets and aerosols. The median incubation period is 5.1 days.

[Infectious Disease Prevention Group. Update on vaccines, 2020].

Vaccine development is one of the fastest growing sectors in medicine now and in the future, as we are living with the emergency health care for the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The semFYC PAPPS program biannually publishes the recommendations of the group and, in this edition, special emphasis is placed on the common vaccination proposed by the Ministry of Health, where, at last, it no longer discriminates between paediatrics and adults, and proposes a calendar throughout life. The main novelties in the field of vaccinology today are focused on the consolidation of the nonavalent vaccine against the human papilloma virus and in the change of the dose of monovalent meningitis vaccine C for the tetravalent one, ACWY, at age 12.

Klotho-HIV and Oxidative Stress: The Role of Klotho in Cardiovascular Disease Under HIV Infection-A Review.

Combined antiretroviral therapy has improved quality and life expectancy of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, this therapy increases oxidative stress (OS), which in turn causes alterations in lipid and carbon metabolism, kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The Klotho gene has been implicated in cardiovascular risk increase.

Influence of body habitus on dose parameters of nodal levels III to IV irradiation for breast cancer: comparison of 3 techniques.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of body habitus on supraclavicular (SC) dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters among breast cancer patients according to 3 different techniques. Three SC irradiation plans were generated for 24 postoperative breast cancer patients: (1) direct antero-posterior field only (1fieldP), with dose prescribed to a 3-cm depth; (2) 3-cm depth plan (3cmP) using an antero-posterior field plus a posterior boost with the dose prescription defined to 3 cm; and (3) optimized plan (OptP) similar to 3cmP, with dose prescribed depending on the anatomy. The OptP plans had the least variation in DVH parameters with body habitus; 3cmP plans were the most varied.

The usefulness of fleet rectal enemas on high-dose-rate intracavitary cervical cancer brachytherapy. A prospective trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of rectal enemas on rectal doses during radical high-dose-rate (HDR) intracavitary cervical brachytherapy (BT).

Material And Methods: Twenty patients suffering from cervical cancer and treated with external beam radiotherapy and HDR-BT were included in a prospective trial. The first brachytherapy fraction was considered the basal status, and patients were instructed to self-administer two rectal cleansing enemas before the second fraction.

[Patient advice].

In wound care, knowing what to do is as important as knowing what not to do. The first step is to evaluate the severity of the lesion and to know whether it is necessary to attend a health center or not. If the wound is simple, the recommended course of action is cleansing with serum or water after washing one's hands, followed by wound disinfection with the most appropriate antiseptic.

[Antiseptic use in primary care].

Wounds can be classified according to their mechanism of action into surgical or traumatic (which may be incision wounds, such as those provoked by a sharp object; contusions, caused by a blunt force; puncture wounds, caused by long, sharp objects; lacerations, caused by tears to the tissue; or bites, which have a high risk of infection and consequently should not be sutured). Wounds can also be classified by their healing process into acute or chronic (pressure ulcers, vascular ulcers, neuropathic ulcers, acute wounds with torpid clinical course). The use of antiseptics in any of these wounds is usually limited to cleaning and initial care -up to 48 hours- and to washing of hands and instruments.