CHD6 chromatin remodeler is a negative modulator of influenza virus replication that relocates to inactive chromatin upon infection.

The influenza virus establishes close functional and structural connections with the nucleus of the infected cell. Thus, viral ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) are closely bound to chromatin components and the main constituent of viral RNPs, the nucleoprotein (NP) protein, interacts with histone tails. Using a yeast two-hybrid screening, we previously found that the PA influenza virus polymerase subunit interacts with the CHD6 protein, a member of the CHD family of chromatin remodelers.

Developmental differences in peripheral glabrous skin mechanosensory nerve receptive field and intracellular electrophysiologic properties: phenotypic characterization in infant and juvenile rats.

Developmental differences in peripheral neuron characteristics and functionality exist. Direct measurement of active and passive electrophysiologic and receptive field characteristics of single mechanosensitive neurons in glabrous skin was performed and phenotypic characterization of fiber subtypes was applied to analyze developmental differences in peripheral mechanosensitive afferents. After Institutional approval, male Sprague-Dawley infant (P7: postnatal day 7) and juvenile (P28) rats were anesthetized and single cell intracellular electrophysiology was performed in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) soma of mechanosensitive cells with receptive field (RF) in the glabrous skin of the hindpaw.

Automatic detection of patient-ventilator asynchrony by spectral analysis of airway flow.

Introduction: Adequate ventilatory support of critically ill patients depends on prompt recognition of ventilator asynchrony, as asynchrony is associated with worse outcomes.We compared an automatic method of patient-ventilator asynchrony monitoring, based on airway flow frequency analysis, to the asynchrony index (AI) determined visually from airway tracings.

Methods: This was a prospective, sequential observational study of 110 mechanically ventilated adults.

Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization in chronic pulmonary disease.

Pneumocystis jirovecii causes pneumonia in immunosuppressed individuals. However, it has been reported the detection of low levels of Pneumocystis DNA in patients without signs and symptoms of pneumonia, which likely represents colonization. Several studies performed in animals models and in humans have demonstrated that Pneumocystis induces a local and a systemic response in the host.

Identification of loci and functional characterization of trichothecene biosynthesis genes in filamentous fungi of the genus Trichoderma.

Trichothecenes are mycotoxins produced by Trichoderma, Fusarium, and at least four other genera in the fungal order Hypocreales. Fusarium has a trichothecene biosynthetic gene (TRI) cluster that encodes transport and regulatory proteins as well as most enzymes required for the formation of the mycotoxins. However, little is known about trichothecene biosynthesis in the other genera.

Subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of oxycodone alone and in combination with ethanol in healthy volunteers.

Rationale: Nonmedical use of prescription opioids is sometimes accompanied by the ingestion of ethanol. Whether ethanol increases the abuse liability-related effects of prescription opioids has not been determined.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of oxycodone, a widely prescribed and abused opioid, and ethanol, alone and in combination.

Runx2 regulates the gene network associated with insulin signaling and energy homeostasis.

Glucose intolerance seen in metabolic disorders, such as type II diabetes, is commonly associated with improper execution of the insulin signaling pathway, as well as an imbalance of bone and fat tissues, such that a gain in adipose tissue occurs at the expense of bone loss. Fat-producing adipocytes and bone-forming osteoblasts stem from a common mesenchymal progenitor cell. Runx2 positively regulates the commitment of the mesenchymal cell toward osteogenesis, but its effects on energy homeostasis and the insulin signaling pathway are unknown.

Chondrocyte-specific regulatory activity of Runx2 is essential for survival and skeletal development.

Coordinated activities of multiple mesenchymal cell types contribute to the development of the mammalian skeleton formed through endochondral ossification. Synthesis of a cartilage template by chondrocytes is an obligatory step for the generation of skeletal elements during endochondral ossification. Gene ablation studies have established that Runx2 is an essential transcription factor for bone formation and the differentiation of skeletal cells.

Initial experience of the Journey-Deuce bicompartmental knee prosthesis: a review of 36 cases.

We evaluated the effectiveness of a novel bicompartmental knee arthroplasty prosthesis for the treatment of degenerative disease affecting the medial and patellofemoral compartments. The study included 36 knees in 32 patients with a mean follow-up of 21 months. The mean Knee Society functional survey and Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritic Index Survey scores were 65.

Psychopharmacological effects of oxycodone in volunteers with and without generalized anxiety disorder.

A number of studies have documented a relationship between anxiety disorders and opioid misuse and abuse, and there is some data to suggest that some people use opioids in an attempt to reduce their anxiety. We tested the hypothesis that volunteers with an anxiety disorder would report a more positive spectrum of subjective effects (i.e.

Functional analysis of the Trichoderma harzianum nox1 gene, encoding an NADPH oxidase, relates production of reactive oxygen species to specific biocontrol activity against Pythium ultimum.

The synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the first events following pathogenic interactions in eukaryotic cells, and NADPH oxidases are involved in the formation of such ROS. The nox1 gene of Trichoderma harzianum was cloned, and its role in antagonism against phytopathogens was analyzed in nox1-overexpressed transformants. The increased levels of nox1 expression in these transformants were accompanied by an increase in ROS production during their direct confrontation with Pythium ultimum.

Effects of tilt and glenosphere eccentricity on baseplate/bone interface forces in a computational model, validated by a mechanical model, of reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Hypothesis/background: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty is being used with greater frequency for patients with severe rotator cuff deficiency. There are several commercially available reverse shoulder devices, each with different glenosphere options. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) forces at the baseplate-bone interface in glenospheres with centers of rotation located concentrically and eccentrically to the center of the baseplate; and (2) if baseplate-bone forces can be optimized by altering tilt of the baseplate.

Torsional stability of modular and non-modular reverse shoulder humeral components in a proximal humeral bone loss model.

Hypothesis/background: Patients who are treated with reverse shoulder arthroplasty in the setting of proximal humeral bone loss present a technical challenge for humeral component fixation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of proximal humeral bone loss on fixation of reverse shoulder humeral implants.

Materials And Methods: Three reverse humeral designs (two modular and one monobloc) were cemented into twenty-four Sawbones humeri prepared to simulate intact and proximal humeral bone loss.

Overexpression of the trichodiene synthase gene tri5 increases trichodermin production and antimicrobial activity in Trichoderma brevicompactum.

Trichoderma brevicompactum produces trichodermin, a simple trichothecene-type toxin that shares the first steps of the sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathway with other phytotoxic trichothecenes from Fusarium spp. Trichodiene synthase catalyses the conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate to trichodiene and it is encoded by the tri5 gene that was cloned and analysed functionally by homologous overexpression in T. brevicompactum.

Epidermal growth factor induces a sexually dimorphic proliferative response of lactotroph cells through protein kinase C-ERK1/2-Pit-1 in vitro.

Lactotroph cells display morphological and functional heterogeneity, a feature which is closely related to the oestrogenic environment. In this study, we focused on sex-related differences linked to the proliferative and secretory responses of lactotrophs exposed to EGF in vitro. Furthermore, we addressed the involvement of the PKCε/ERK1/2 signalling pathway and the contribution of Pit-1 in the EGF actions in primary pituitary cultures from male and female rats.

Bioassay-guided evaluation of antinociceptive effect of N-salicyloyltryptamine: a behavioral and electrophysiological approach.

We investigated the antinociceptive and nerve excitability effects of the N-salicyloyltryptamine (NST) NST-treated mice exhibited a significant decrease in the number of writhes when 100 and 200 mg/kg (i.p.) were administered (i.

17β-oestradiol acts as a negative modulator of insulin-induced lactotroph cell proliferation through oestrogen receptor α, via nitric oxide/guanylyl cyclase/cGMP.

Objectives: 17β-oestradiol interacts with growth factors to modulate lactotroph cell population. However, contribution of isoforms of the oestrogen receptor in these activities is not fully understood. In the present study, we have established participation of α and β oestrogen receptors in effects of 17β-oestradiol on lactotroph proliferation induced by insulin and shown involvement of the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway.

Dynamics of the multiplicity of cellular infection in a plant virus.

Recombination, complementation and competition profoundly influence virus evolution and epidemiology. Since viruses are intracellular parasites, the basic parameter determining the potential for such interactions is the multiplicity of cellular infection (cellular MOI), i.e.

The relationship of preconception thyrotropin levels to requirements for increasing the levothyroxine dose during pregnancy in women with primary hypothyroidism.

Background: Most women with hypothyroidism require an increase in their dose of levothyroxine (LT4) after conception. To minimize fetal and maternal complications of maternal hypothyroidism, it is thought that women should be rapidly restored to the euthyroid state. The objectives of this study was to determine the percentage of hypothyroid women who would need to increase their dose of LT4 dose even if they had a preconception (pre-C) serum thyrotropin (TSH) of <2.

Opioid use at the end of life and survival in a Hospital at Home unit.

Background And Significance: Although opioids are commonly used to treat pain, dyspnea, and other symptoms at the end of life, little information is available on the safety and efficacy of the use of these medications in terminally ill patients in the home care setting.

Objectives: To explore whether high doses of opioids, or increasing doses, influence survival in patients with terminal cancer in a Hospital at Home unit.

Methodology: A retrospective cohort study.

GH3B6 pituitary tumor cell proliferation is mediated by PKCalpha and PKCepsilon via ERK 1/2-dependent pathway.

Background: In this report, we explored the role of PKCalpha and PKCe as mediators of phorbol 12-myristate13-acetate (PMA)-induced proliferation in pituitary tumor GH3B6 cells, and determined if the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways were activated.

Methods: The GH3B6 cell proliferation was estimated by BrdU incorporation and the cell cycle progression by flow cytometric cell cycle analysis. We determined the expression of PKCalpha and PKCe in membrane and cytosolic fractions by western blotting.

Polymorphisms of the noggin gene and mandibular micrognathia: a first approximation.

Mandibular micrognathia is a deficiency in mandibular growth that prevents tooth contact during mastication, interferes with phonation and even causes sleep apnea. Studies show that mutant mice for chd (chordin) and nog (noggin) genes, which are modulators of the Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP), had mandibular defects ranging from mandibular hypoplasia to micrognathia and agnathia. The human NOG gene was the first BMP antagonist identified and it is essential for various late events in mandibular development, which require modulation of the BMP activity.