Effect of temperature on circadian clock functioning of trees in the context of global warming.

Plant survival in a warmer world requires the timely adjustment of biological processes to cyclical changes in the new environment. Circadian oscillators have been proposed to contribute to thermal adaptation and plasticity. However, the influence of temperature on circadian clock performance and its impact on plant behaviour in natural ecosystems are not well-understood.

Managing obesity in adults with type 1 diabetes.

As the prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions, its prevalence has also increased among adults living with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Unlike the pathophysiologic relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, the relationship between obesity and type 1 diabetes mellitus, and management of obesity in the setting of type 1 diabetes mellitus, have not been well reviewed. In this article, we discuss the comprehensive management of obesity in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus, focusing on medical nutrition therapy and adjunct therapies such as weight loss-promoting medications and metabolic/bariatric surgery.

Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class in the synchronization of oscillator lattices with time-dependent noise.

Systems of oscillators subject to time-dependent noise typically achieve synchronization for long times when their mutual coupling is sufficiently strong. The dynamical process whereby synchronization is reached can be thought of as a growth process in which an interface formed by the local phase field gradually roughens and eventually saturates. Such a process is here shown to display the generic scale invariance of the one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class, including a Tracy-Widom probability distribution for phase fluctuations around their mean.

Mapping the Extended Ground State Reactivity Landscape of a Photoswitchable Molecule at a Single Molecular Level.

Photoswitchable molecules with structural flexibility can exhibit a complex ground state potential energy landscape due to the accessibility of multiple metastable states at merely low energy barriers. However, conventional bulk analytical techniques are limited in their ability to probe these metastable ground states and their relative energies. This is partially due to the difficulty of inducing changes in small molecules in their ground state, as they do not respond to external stimuli, such as mechanical force, unless they are incorporated into larger polymer networks.

Cortical microtubules act as a template to organize nano-scale patterning of exocytosis.

Targeting of exocytosis enables cellular morphogenesis, motility and polarized transport, yet relatively little is known about the targeting mechanisms in cellular systems. Here we show that the SEC/MUNC protein KEULE is a dynamic marker for individual secretory events and employ it as a live cell probe, that together with high-precision image analysis of thousands of events, reveal that cortical microtubule arrays act as two-dimensional templates that pattern exocytosis at the nano-scale in higher plant cells. This mechanism is distinct from previously described mechanisms involving motor-driven transport and defines ordered and adjacent linear domains where secretory events are higher and lower than expected, effectively redistributing exocytosis over most of the cell membrane.

Theories of consciousness from the perspective of an embedded processes view.

Considerable recent research in neurosciences has dealt with the topic of consciousness, even though there is still disagreement about how to identify and classify conscious states. Recent behavioral work on the topic also exists. We survey recent behavioral and neuroscientific literature with the aims of commenting on strengths and weaknesses of the literature and mapping new directions and recommendations for experimental psychologists.

Resilient plants, sustainable future.

The accelerated pace of climate change over the past several years should serve as a wake-up call for all scientists, farmers, and decision makers, as it severely threatens our food supply and could result in famine, migration, war, and an overall destabilization of our society. Rapid and significant changes are therefore needed in the way we conduct research on plant resilience, develop new crop varieties, and cultivate those crops in our agricultural systems. Here, we describe the main bottlenecks for these processes and outline a set of key recommendations on how to accelerate research in this critical area for our society.

Neuronal Sequences and dynamic coding of water-sucrose categorization in rat gustatory cortices.

The gustatory system allows us to perceive and distinguish sweetness from water. We studied this phenomenon by recording neural activity in rats' anterior insular (aIC) and orbitofrontal (OFC) cortices while they categorized varying sucrose concentrations against water. Neurons in both aIC and OFC encoded the categorical distinction between sucrose and water rather than specific sucrose concentrations.

Computational Design of the Electronic Response for Volatile Organic Compounds Interacting with Doped Graphene Substrates.

Changes in the work function provide a fingerprint to characterize analyte binding in charge transfer-based sensor devices. Hence, a rational sensor design requires a fundamental understanding of the microscopic factors controlling the modification of the work function. In the current investigation, we address the mechanisms behind the work function change (WFC) for the adsorption of four common volatile organic compounds (toluene, ethanol, 2-Furfurylthiol, and guaiacol) on different nitrogen-doped graphene-based 2D materials using density functional theory.

Pro-Resolving Inflammatory Effects of a Marine Oil Enriched in Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators (SPMs) Supplement and Its Implication in Patients with Post-COVID Syndrome (PCS).

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the eicosanoid and pro-resolutive parameters in patients with Post-COVID Syndrome (PCS) during a 12-week supplementation with a marine oil enriched in specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs).

Patient And Methods: This study was conducted on 53 adult patients with PCS. The subjects included must have had a positive COVID-19 test (PCR, fast antigen test, or serologic test) and persistent symptoms related to COVID-19 at least 12 weeks before their enrolment in the study.

Environmental and Genetic Contributions to Attachment in Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked with attachment insecurity and psychopathology. However, some individuals remain securely attached and resilient following ACEs. Researchers have examined polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), particularly rs53576, as a source of resilience, though examination of the biological mechanism by which rs53576 buffers the relation that would otherwise exist between ACEs and attachment insecurity is absent.

Transparency and precision in the age of AI: evaluation of explainability-enhanced recommendation systems.

In today's information age, recommender systems have become an essential tool to filter and personalize the massive data flow to users. However, these systems' increasing complexity and opaque nature have raised concerns about transparency and user trust. Lack of explainability in recommendations can lead to ill-informed decisions and decreased confidence in these advanced systems.

Chiral spin selectivity and chiroptical activity in helical molecules.

Chiral structures, breaking spatial inversion symmetry, exhibit non-zero chiroptical activity (COA) due to the coupling between their electric and magnetic responses under external electromagnetic fields, an effect absent in achiral systems. Non-magnetic chiral structures also exhibit Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS), primarily detected in two terminal measurements in the linear regime, where spin selection emerges without external magnetic influence. Despite the different origins of these physical phenomena, our model captures the relevant physics required to address CISS as an intrinsic molecular effect with the basic ingredients: (i) chirality/inversion asymmetry, (ii) meV atomic spin-orbit coupling, and (iii) decoherence as a source of reciprocity breaking.

Dorsal root ganglion inflammation by oxaliplatin toxicity: DPEP1 as possible target for peripheral neuropathy prevention.

Background: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) constitutes a dose-limiting side effect of oxaliplatin chemotherapy that often compromises the efficacy of antineoplastic treatments. Sensory neurons damage in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are the cellular substrate of PN complex molecular origin. Dehydropeptidase-1 (DPEP1) inhibitors have shown to avoid platin-induced nephrotoxicity without compromising its anticancer efficiency.

Assigning roles in Chlamydomonas ribosome biogenesis: The conserved factor NIP7.

Ribosome biogenesis (RB) is a highly conserved process across eukaryotes that results in the assembly of functional ribosomal subunits. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Homo sapiens have identified numerous RB factors (RBFs), including the NIP7 protein, which is involved in late-stage pre-60S ribosomal maturation. NIP7 expression has also been observed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, highlighting its evolutionary significance.

Risk factors associated with blood transfusion in liver transplantation.

To explore preoperative and operative risk factors for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirements during liver transplantation (LT) and up to 24 h afterwards. We evaluated the associations between risk factors and units of RBC transfused in 176 LT patients using a log-binomial regression model. Relative risk was adjusted for age, sex, and the model for end-stage liver disease score (MELD) (adjustment 1) and baseline hemoglobin concentration (adjustment 2).

Sensitivity analysis and quality indicators for an in vitro oral irritation assay.

Biocompatibility testing using in vivo tests is often one of the final evaluations of new dental materials. To reduce the likelihood of failure at this late stage, predictive biocompatibility testing using in vitro methods is needed. In this study, we describe a sensitivity analysis of an oral irritation test by evalu­ating changes in the viability, using the MTT assay, of 3-D models with EpiOral constructs as a case study.