GlyT1 inhibition promotes neuroprotection in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model through the activation of GluN2A-containing NMDAR.

Glycine Transporter Type 1 (GlyT1) inhibition confers neuroprotection against different forms of cerebral damage. This effect occurs through the elevation of synaptic glycine concentrations, which enhances N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation by glutamate. To investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of GlyT1 inhibition, we used the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) model in male C57BL/6 mice, aged 10-12 weeks.

In silico evidence of bitopertin's broad interactions within the SLC6 transporter family.

The Glycine Transporter Type 1 (GlyT1) significantly impacts central nervous system functions, influencing glycinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. Bitopertin, the first GlyT1 inhibitor in clinical trials, was developed for schizophrenia treatment but showed limited efficacy. Despite this, bitopertin's repositioning could advance treating various pathologies.

GlyT1 Inhibition by NFPS Promotes Neuroprotection in Amyloid-β-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Animal Model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β, leading to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent synaptic depression, spine elimination, and memory deficits. Glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1) modulates glutamatergic neurotransmission via NMDA receptors (NMDAR), presenting a potential alternative therapeutic approach for AD. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of GlyT1 inhibition in an amyloid-β-induced AD mouse model.

Novel naphthoquinone-1H-1,2,3-triazole hybrids: Design, synthesis and evaluation as inductors of ROS-mediated apoptosis in the MCF-7 cells.

The search for novel anticancer drugs is essential to expand treatment options, overcome drug resistance, reduce toxicity, promote innovation, and tackle the economic impact. The importance of these studies lies in their contribution to advancing cancer research and enhancing patient outcomes in the battle against cancer. Here, we developed new asymmetric hybrids containing two different naphthoquinones linked by a 1,2,3-1H-triazole nucleus, which are potential new drugs for cancer treatment.

Saxitoxin-Producing (Cyanobacteria) Constrains Fitness and Feeding Rate despite High Nutritious Food Availability.

Changes in food quality can dramatically impair zooplankton fitness, especially in eutrophic water bodies where cyanobacteria are usually predominant. Cyanobacteria are considered a food with low nutritional value, and some species can produce bioactive secondary metabolites reported as toxic to zooplankton. Considering that cyanobacteria can limit the survival, growth and reproduction of zooplankton, we hypothesized that the dietary exposure of neotropical ( and ) to saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria impairs feeding rates and fitness regardless of a high availability of nutritious algae.

Experimental traumatic occlusion drives immune changes in trigeminal ganglion.

We previously demonstrated that experimental traumatic occlusion (ETO) induces a long-lasting nociceptive response. These findings were associated with altered neuronal patterns and suggestive satellite glial cell activation. This study aimed to elucidate the activation of satellite glial cells following ETO in the trigeminal ganglion.

Drugs and Endogenous Factors as Protagonists in Neurogenic Stimulation.

Neurogenesis is a biological process characterized by new neurons formation from stem cells. For decades, it was believed that neurons only multiplied during development and in the postnatal period but the discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) in mature brain promoted a revolution in neuroscience field. In mammals, neurogenesis consists of migration, differentiation, maturation, as well as functional integration of newborn cells into the pre-existing neuronal circuit.

NbO supported in mixed oxides catalyzed mineralization process of methylene blue.

Heterogeneous photocatalysis has become a significant green technology for water treatment. The application of NbO catalyst for the photodegradation of contaminants has merged as an important tool to this process. Furthermore, it is known that catalytic phases supported on metal oxides are an alternative method for enhancing its activity.

Use of bacterial cellulose film for repair of bile duct injury in pigs.

Background/objective: The aim was to evaluate the use of bacterial cellulose film and bile duct autograft in repairing critical common bile duct injury in pigs.

Methods: A prospective experimental analytical study was carried out on 20 Sus Domesticus, Piau suidae swine, divided into a control group ( = 10) and an experimental group ( = 10) divided into two subgroups: bacterial cellulose film E1 and bacterial cellulose film E2 to which bacterial cellulose film was randomly allocated. The control group underwent two complete critical common bile duct sections 10 mm apart, while the experimental group with a single critical common bile duct defect underwent a 10 mm section of the longitudinal shaft with edge resection.

PERCUTANEOUS TREATMENT OF ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST WITH CALCITONIN AND METHYLPREDNISOLONE.

Objective: To introduce the intralesional calcitonin and methylprednisolone percutaneous injection method, which results in the promotion of primary aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) healing.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study involving 76 patients diagnosed with ABC was performed between 2005 and 2014. Patients treated with calcitonin and methylprednisolone injection and who underwent more than 2 years of follow-up were considered eligible for the study (n=47).

Resection of a giant nonparasitic splenic cyst by minilaparoscopy.

A female patient, 20 years old, with a history of a progressive increase in abdominal volume on the left side, starting 3 years ago, with no associated symptoms and no history of trauma. Ultrasonography and a computed tomography scan of the abdomen were performed, which revealed a large splenomegaly, and a partial minilaparoscopic splenectomy was indicated. We opted for unroofing of the cyst, and the procedure was uneventful, with a total surgical time of 47 min.

Chitosan nanogels condensed to ferulic acid for the essential oil of Lippia origanoides Kunth encapsulation.

In order to enable the applicability of the essential oil of Lippia origanoides Kunth, increasing its stability and dispersion in aqueous base, were prepared nanogels of chitosan modified with ferulic acid to be used in their encapsulation. The results obtained by FTIR and C SSNMR revealed the formation of CS-FA link in the different synthesized nanogels, while the studied by DLS showed particles with varied sizes and positive charge. A satisfactory encapsulation capacity of the essential oil was obtained for the nanogels.

Analysis of subcutaneous and visceral fat after gastric balloon treatment.

Background And Objectives: This project is a continuation of a larger project entitled "Treatment with intragastric balloon (IGB) in patients with overweight and obesity in Recife" developed by Professor Dr. Gustavo Lopes de Carvalho. It is a project studying the effectiveness of treatment with IGB evaluating the loss of weight and body mass index and its impact on blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions.

High selective antileishmanial activity of vanadium complex with stilbene derivative.

Leishmaniasis is a group of disease caused by different species of the parasite Leishmania affecting millions of people worldwide. Conventional therapy relies on multiple parenteral injections with pentavalent antimonials which exhibit high toxicity and various side effects have been reported. Hence, the research for an effective and low toxic effect drug is necessary.

Gold complexes with benzimidazole derivatives: synthesis, characterization and biological studies.

Synthesis, characterization, DFT studies and biological assays of new gold(I) and gold(III) complexes of benzimidazole are reported. Molecular and structural characterizations of the compounds were based on elemental (C, H and N) and thermal (TG-DTA) analyses, and FT-IR and UV-Visible spectroscopic measurements. The structures of complexes were proposed based DFT calculations.

Investigation of genetic polymorphisms related to the outcome of radiotherapy for prostate cancer patients.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between ATM, TP53 and MDM2 polymorphisms in prostate cancer patients and morbidity after radiotherapy. The presence of ATM (rs1801516), TP53 (rs1042522, rs1800371, rs17878362, rs17883323, and rs35117667), and MDM2 (rs2279744) polymorphisms was assessed by direct sequencing of PCR fragments from 48 patients with histologically proven prostate adenocarcinoma and treated with external beam radiation. The side effects were classified according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) score.

The zwitterionic structure of 2-hydroxy-4-[(2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]benzoic acid.

The title compound, C₁₄H₁₁NO₄, exists in the solid phase in the zwitterionic form, 2-{[(4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl)iminiumyl]methyl}phenolate, with the H atom from the phenol group on the 2-hydroxybenzylidene ring transferred to the imine N atom, resulting in a strong intramolecular N-H∙∙∙O hydrogen bond between the iminium H atom and the phenolate O atom, forming a six-membered hydrogen-bonded ring. In addition, there is an intramolecular O-H∙∙∙O hydrogen bond between the carboxylic acid group and the adjacent hydroxy group of the other ring, and an intermolecular C-H∙∙∙O contact involving the phenol group and the C-H group adjacent to the imine bond, connecting the molecules into a two-dimensional network in the (103) plane. π-π stacking interactions result in a three-dimensional network.

Crystal structure and theoretical studies of the keto-enol isomerism of N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine (salophen).

The Schiff base N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine (salophen) was prepared by the condensation of salicylaldehyde with o-phenylenediamine in ethanol solution. The compound was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR), (1)H, (13)C and (1)H(15)N HMBC nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic measurements, and also by X-ray diffraction. The tautomerism of salophen was also studied by calculations using density functional theory (DFT).

Inhibitory effects of resveratrol analogs on mushroom tyrosinase activity.

Skin pigmentation disorders typically involve an overproduction or uneven distribution of melanin, which results in skin spots. Resveratrol can inhibit tyrosinase, the active enzyme in the synthesis of melanin, but it does not inhibit the synthesis of melanin to an extent that enables its use alone as a skin whitening agent in pharmaceutical formulations, so its use as a coadjuvant in treatment of hyperpigmentation is suggested. Six resveratrol analogs were tested for tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro.

Synthesis, cytotoxicity, antibacterial and antileishmanial activities of imidazolidine and hexahydropyrimidine derivatives.

This paper describes the synthesis and in vitro biological activities of imidazolidine and hexahydropyrimidine derivatives against bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and Leishmania protozoa. Out of sixteen heterocyclic derivatives tested, none were cytotoxic against mammalian cells. The compounds showed significant bacterial effects and leishmanicidal activity.

[What is the relevance of nutrition in oncology?].

Cancer has an increasingly significant impact on society, being a highly destabilizing factor in the life of any patient. The disease as well as anti-neoplastic treatments can profoundly alter biological functions and, remarkably, the patients' nutritional status. Thus, Nutrition is a key factor in oncology, by influencing the development of the disease, cancer related symptoms, the response to, and recovery from treatment(s), and therefore determining the patients' Quality of Life and probably prognosis.

Synthesis and Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis Evaluation of Aza-Stilbene Derivatives.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a truly global disease, found in every country on earth. One-third of humanity, over 2 billion people, carry the bacillus that causes TB and 2 million people die of the disease each year. Despite that, no new specific drug against Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been developed since the 1960s.

Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and antileishmanial activity of N,N'-disubstituted ethylenediamine and imidazolidine derivatives.

This paper describes the preparation of N,N'-disubstituted ethylenediamine and imidazolidine derivatives and their in vitro biological activities against Leishmania species. Of the nine synthesized compounds, five displayed a good activity in both L. amazonensis and L.