Interplay of spermatogonial subpopulations during initial stages of spermatogenesis in adult primates.

The spermatogonial compartment maintains spermatogenesis throughout the reproductive lifespan. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revealed the presence of several spermatogonial clusters characterized by specific molecular signatures. However, it is unknown whether the presence of such clusters can be confirmed in terms of protein expression and whether protein expression in the subsets overlaps.

The Propensity of the Human Liver to Form Large Lipid Droplets Is Associated with PNPLA3 Polymorphism, Reduced INSIG1 and NPC1L1 Expression and Increased Fibrogenetic Capacity.

In nonalcoholic steatohepatitis animal models, an increased lipid droplet size in hepatocytes is associated with fibrogenesis. Hepatocytes with large droplet (Ld-MaS) or small droplet (Sd-MaS) macrovesicular steatosis may coexist in the human liver, but the factors associated with the predominance of one type over the other, including hepatic fibrogenic capacity, are unknown. In pre-ischemic liver biopsies from 225 consecutive liver transplant donors, we retrospectively counted hepatocytes with Ld-MaS and Sd-MaS and defined the predominant type of steatosis as involving ≥50% of steatotic hepatocytes.

Age-related changes in human Leydig cell status.

Study Question: What are the consequences of ageing on human Leydig cell number and hormonal function?

Summary Answer: Leydig cell number significantly decreases in parallel with INSL3 expression and Sertoli cell number in aged men, yet the in vitro Leydig cell androgenic potential does not appear to be compromised by advancing age.

What Is Known Already: There is extensive evidence that ageing is accompanied by decline in serum testosterone levels, a general involution of testis morphology and reduced spermatogenic function. A few studies have previously addressed single features of the human aged testis phenotype one at a time, but mostly in tissue from patients with prostate cancer.

Spermatogonial kinetics in humans.

The human spermatogonial compartment is essential for daily production of millions of sperm. Despite this crucial role, the molecular signature, kinetic behavior and regulation of human spermatogonia are poorly understood. Using human testis biopsies with normal spermatogenesis and by studying marker protein expression, we have identified for the first time different subpopulations of spermatogonia.

Novel stage classification of human spermatogenesis based on acrosome development.

To date, in the human seminiferous epithelium, only six associations of cell types have been distinguished, subdividing the epithelial cycle into six stages of very different duration. This hampers comparisons between studies on human and laboratory animals in which the cycle is usually subdivided into 12 stages. We now propose a new stage classification on basis of acrosomal development made visible by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for (pro)acrosin.

An observational electro-clinical study of status epilepticus: from management to outcome.

Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency associated with a high morbidity and mortality. A prospective 3-year study was conducted in our hospital on 56 consecutive inpatients with SE. Demographic and clinical data were collected.

Rescue treatment for noninvasive ventilation failure due to interface intolerance with remifentanil analgosedation: a pilot study.

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of remifentanil-based sedation in hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (HARF) patients refusing to continue noninvasive ventilation (NPPV) for intolerance to two different interfaces-helmet and total face mask.

Design And Setting: Prospective uncontrolled clinical investigation in a 14-bed ICU of an university hospital in Italy.

Patients: Thirty-six patients with persistent severe HARF who complained of discomfort and asked for interruption of NPPV session.

Noninvasive ventilation by helmet or face mask in immunocompromised patients: a case-control study.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) by helmet and face mask in immunocompromised patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (ARF).

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: The general ICU of a university hospital.

A comparative evaluation of thermodilution and partial CO2 rebreathing techniques for cardiac output assessment in critically ill patients during assisted ventilation.

Objective: To evaluate the reliability and clinical value of partial noninvasive CO2 (NICO2) rebreathing technique for measuring cardiac output compared with standard thermodilution in a group of intensive care nonpostoperative patients.

Design And Setting: Clinical investigation in a university hospital ICU.

Patients: Twelve mechanically ventilated patients with high (n=6) and low (n=6) pulmonary shunt fractions.

[Microbiological surveillance in an intensive care unit of a large Roman hospital].

Infection surveillance in ICU is fundamental to monitor endemic rates, to identify outbreaks on-time in order to activate control procedures implementing a correct empirical antibiotic treatment. The data collection surveillance software CIN-20002 was established in the Teaching Hospital Umberto I ICU to monitor the following site-specific infection rates: urinary tract infections (UTI), pneumonia (PNE), blood stream infections (BSI), surgical site infections (SSI). According to CDC definitions all patients developing infection 48 hours or more after ward admission were included.