Gamma Knife surgery for recurrent or persistent Cushing disease: long-term results and evaluation of biological effective dose in a series of 26 patients.

Introduction: Here we report long-term results after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with Gamma Knife (GKRS) for Cushing disease. We further evaluated the potential role of the biological effective dose (BED) in the cure of this disease.

Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database (n = 26) was undertaken at Lille University Hospital, France.

Gamma Knife radiosurgery for acromegaly: Evaluating the role of the biological effective dose associated with endocrine remission in a series of 42 consecutive cases.

Introduction: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a valuable treatment option for persistent and/or recurrent acromegaly secondary to growth hormone (GH) secreting pituitary adenoma (PA). Here, we assess the role of biological effective dose (BED) received by PA treated with SRS in relation with endocrine remission.

Methods: Forty-two patients (minimum 6 months follow-up) were included.

Lesions in deep gray nuclei after severe traumatic brain injury predict neurologic outcome.

Purpose: This study evaluates the correlation between injuries to deep gray matter nuclei, as quantitated by lesions in these nuclei on MR T2 Fast Spin Echo (T2 FSE) images, with 6-month neurological outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Materials And Methods: Ninety-five patients (80 males, mean age = 36.7y) with severe TBI were prospectively enrolled.

Creatine biosynthesis and transport in health and disease.

Creatine is physiologically provided equally by diet and by endogenous synthesis from arginine and glycine with successive involvements of arginine glycine amidinotransferase [AGAT] and guanidinoacetate methyl transferase [GAMT]. A specific plasma membrane transporter, creatine transporter [CRTR] (SLC6A8), further enables cells to incorporate creatine and through uptake of its precursor, guanidinoacetate, also directly contributes to creatine biosynthesis. Breakthrough in the role of creatine has arisen from studies on creatine deficiency disorders.

Assessment of white matter injury and outcome in severe brain trauma: a prospective multicenter cohort.

Background: Existing methods to predict recovery after severe traumatic brain injury lack accuracy. The aim of this study is to determine the prognostic value of quantitative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Methods: In a multicenter study, the authors prospectively enrolled 105 patients who remained comatose at least 7 days after traumatic brain injury.

Neuropsychological evaluation and follow-up of children with cerebellar cortical dysplasia.

Aim: To describe neuropsychological disturbances and the developmental course associated with cerebellar cortical dysplasia (CCD).

Method: The neuroimaging findings from 10 children (five males, five females; aged 3-10 y) with CCD were reviewed and classified. These children all underwent clinical neurological examination and neuropsychological assessment (NPA) on admission, then were followed for an average of 6 years using the cognitive Wechsler Scale, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure/McCarthy Drawing subtests.

Posterior fossa volume increase after surgery for Chiari malformation Type I: a quantitative assessment using magnetic resonance imaging and correlations with the treatment response.

Object: The aim of this paper was to measure the posterior fossa (PF) volume increase resulting from a given-sized occipital craniectomy in Chiari malformation Type I surgery and to analyze its correlations with the PF size and the treatment response, with the perspective of tailoring the amount of bone removal to the patient-specific PF dimensions.

Methods: Between January 2005 and June 2006, 11 adult patients with symptomatic Chiari malformation Type I underwent a standardized PF decompression. A prospective evaluation with clinical examination, functional grading, and MR imaging measurement protocols was performed pre- and postoperatively.

Neonatal status epilepticus due to lamination disorder without significant cell death.

Background: Malformations of the cerebral cortex may be associated with severe epilepsy and status epilepticus. It has been shown that status epilepticus models induce excitotoxic cell death. In humans, very few data are available.

Natural history of traumatic meningeal bleeding in infants: semiquantitative analysis of serial CT scans in corroborated cases.

Background: The natural history of posttraumatic meningeal bleeding in infants is poorly documented, and the differences between inflicted head injury (IHI) and accidental trauma (AT) are debated. Autopsy findings have suggested that anoxia also plays a role in bleeding; however, these findings may not reflect what occurs in live trauma patients.

Purpose: We studied the natural history of traumatic meningeal bleeding in infants using serial computed tomography (CT) scans in corroborated IHI and AT.

Disappearance of a middle cerebral artery aneurysm associated with Moyamoya syndrome after revascularization in a child: case report.

Introduction: Pediatric Moyamoya disease is rarely associated with intracranial aneurysms. We report a case of a 7-year-old girl with an antecedent of persistent craniopharyngeal canal, who presented with a history of choreiform movements.

Materials And Methods: A Moyamoya disease was found with an unruptured left middle cerebral artery aneurysm on her first angiography.

Epilepsia partialis continua and defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

Unlabelled: Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is characterized by continuous myoclonic or clonic jerks repeated at short intervals followed by a slowly progressive neurological disorder. We report three patients with EPC and a defect in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

Methods: Clinical, neuroradiological, and biochemical data were reported.

Subdural effusion in a CNS involvement of systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma: a case report treated with vinblastin.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is one of the most common non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children. Usually cutaneous, there are disseminated forms. However, neurological localization remains exceptional.

Progressive myelopathy due to meningeal thickening in shunted patients: description of a novel entity and the role of surgery.

Introduction: Spinal cord compression due to meningeal thickening is a rare occurrence in shunted patients. Because of the long delay to clinical onset, this complication has not been identified as yet.

Aims: We report on nine cases of shunt-related progressive myelopathy due to meningeal thickening (SPMMT).

Neuropathological and MRI findings in an acute presentation of hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia: a report with pathophysiological implications.

Unlabelled: The mechanisms underlying the hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome (HHE) remain unclear. The current proposed pathogenic mechanism is a neuronal injury induced by venous thrombosis and/or hypoxia. Previous abnormalities of the brain were suggested as underlying mechanism.

Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences for the assessment of acute stroke: inter observer and inter technique reproducibility.

Background And Purpose: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (DWI), and three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA), are highly sensitive for the early detection of stroke and arterial occlusion. However, only a few studies have evaluated the sensitivity of conventional MR sequences that are usually included in the imaging protocol. The aim of this study was to evaluate interobserver and intertechnique reproducibility of Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) sequences for the diagnosis of early brain ischemia and arterial occlusion.

Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in newborns.

Introduction: Neonatal traumatic head injuries (NTHI) can be life-threatening and require aggressive treatment. The indications, techniques, and results of brain decompression are not well defined in the literature.

Methods: We studied prospectively cases of NTHI with intracranial traumatic lesions; skull fractures without underlying lesions were not included.

Cavernous malformations after cerebral irradiation during childhood: report of nine cases.

Introduction: Cavernous hemangioma is increasingly recognized as a late complication of cerebral irradiation (CI); however, the significance of the problem, especially the risk of hemorrhage, is not documented in the literature. In order to discover this, we reviewed our experience of radiation-induced cavernous hemangiomas (RICH) in patients who had received CI during childhood.

Methods: We reviewed retrospectively our pediatric database of 965 brain tumors, 419 of which were irradiated between 1964 and 2003.

MRI in children with mental retardation.

Background: In mental retardation (MR) an aetiological diagnosis is not always obtained despite a detailed history, physical examination and metabolic or genetic investigations. In some of these patients, MRI is recommended and may identify subtle abnormal brain findings.

Objective: We reviewed the cerebral MRI of children with non-specific mental retardation in an attempt to establish a neuroanatomical picture of this disorder.

Infantile subdural hematomas due to traffic accidents.

The most common cause of subdural hematomas (SDH) in infants is shaken-baby syndrome (SBS). The pathogenesis and natural history of infantile SDH (ISDH) are poorly documented, because in SBS, the date of shaking is usually imprecise and the assault is often repeated. Victims of traffic accidents (TA) form a study group close to experimental conditions, because the trauma is unique, witnessed and dated.

Neuropathologic and MR imaging correlation in a neonatal case of cerebellar cortical dysplasia.

Little documentation of the correlation between MR imaging findings in isolated cerebellar cortical dysplasia (CCD) and its neuropathologic characteristics exists in the recent literature. We documented a postmortem neuropathologic study of a clinically and radiologically well-documented case of CCD in a neonate with severe hypotonia and status epilepticus. MR imaging revealed a global vermian hypoplasia with marked cortical dysplasia.

MRI protocol technique in the optimal therapeutic strategy of non-functioning pituitary adenomas.

Objectives And Design: We performed a prospective study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at regular post-operative intervals in non-irradiated patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFAs) to assess the frequency of tumoral regrowth and recurrences, in order to define the indications of post-operative radiotherapy.

Patients And Methods: Fifty-one patients aged 25--80 years (mean, 55.6plus minus12.