Use of psychoactive substances among university students from 2019 to 2020: A systematic review.

Psychoactive substances act on the central nervous system producing changes in mental processes, such as perception, consciousness, cognition or mood and emotions. The present study aims to identify: (i) the most used psychoactive substances, (ii) how psychoactive substances are acquired, (iii) and possible reasons for the use of psychoactive substances amongst university students. A literature search was carried out without language restrictions and included articles published between 2019 and 2020 in journals indexed in the electronic databases of Pubmed and Scielo.

Memantine associated with ventricular-subcutaneous shunt promotes behavioral improvement, reduces reactive astrogliosis and cell death in juvenile hydrocephalic rats.

Hydrocephalus is defined as the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricles. The usual treatment of hydrocephalus is surgical (shunt), but not all patients can undergo treatment immediately after diagnosis. Thus, neuroprotective measures were tested to minimize the tissue damage involved.

The association of Edaravone with shunt surgery improves behavioral performance, reduces astrocyte reaction and apoptosis, and promotes neuroprotection in young hydrocephalic rats.

The neuroprotective effect of Edaravone in young hydrocephalic rats associated with a CSF derivation system was evaluated. The drug has already been shown to be beneficial in experimental hydrocephalus, but the combination of this drug with shunt surgery has not yet been investigated. Fifty-seven-day-old Wistar rats submitted to hydrocephalus by injection of kaolin in the cisterna magna were used and divided into five groups: control (n = 10), hydrocephalic (n = 10), hydrocephalic treated with Edaravone (20 mg/kg/day) (n = 10), hydrocephalic treated with shunt (n = 10) and hydrocephalic treated with shunt and Edaravone (n = 10).

3D Reconstruction of Non-Rigid Plants and Sensor Data Fusion for Agriculture Phenotyping.

Technology has been promoting a great transformation in farming. The introduction of robotics; the use of sensors in the field; and the advances in computer vision; allow new systems to be developed to assist processes, such as phenotyping, of crop's life cycle monitoring. This work presents, which we believe to be the first time, a system capable of generating 3D models of non-rigid corn plants, which can be used as a tool in the phenotyping process.

Neuropsychiatric feature profiles of patients with Lewy body dementia.

Objective: Differential diagnosis between Parkinson's disease (PD) dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is difficult due to common features, whereas management decisions and research endpoints depend upon knowledge of dementia severity. We aimed to assess risk factors for age at dementia onset, as well as which neuropsychiatric features are associated with pharmacotherapy and signs and symptoms of Lewy body dementia.

Patients And Methods: Patients with PD dementia or DLB were evaluated for age at disease onset, education, sanitation, anthropometric measures, alcohol use, smoking, history of infections or head trauma with unconsciousness, family history of neurodegenerative diseases, functional independence, cognition, behavior, motor features, caregiver burden and pharmacotherapy.

Contrasts Between Patients With Lewy Body Dementia Syndromes and APOE-ε3/ε3 Patients With Late-onset Alzheimer Disease Dementia.

Introduction: Neuropsychiatric and epidemiological patterns may compensate for insufficient specificity of diagnostic criteria of Lewy body dementia (LBD) syndromes in differential analysis with Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia. We aimed to compare and distinguish demographic and neuropsychiatric features between LBD and APOE-ε3/ε3 late-onset AD.

Methods: A total of 39 consecutive patients with Parkinson disease dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies were matched with 39 APOE-ε3/ε3 patients with late-onset AD according to sex and Mini-Mental State Examination scores, and evaluated for education, age at disease onset, lifetime sanitary conditions, anthropometric measures, alcohol use, smoking, history of head trauma or bacterial infections, family history of neurodegenerative diseases, caregiver burden, functional independence, cognitive decline, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and pharmacological treatment.

Contralateral extradural hematoma following decompressive craniectomy for acute subdural hematoma (the value of intracranial pressure monitoring): a case report.

Introduction: Decompressive surgery for acute subdural hematoma leading to contralateral extradural hematoma is an uncommon event with only few cases previously reported in the English medical literature.

Case Presentation: The present study describes the case of a 39-year-old White Brazilian man who had a motorcycle accident; he underwent decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of acute subdural hematoma and evolved contralateral extradural hematoma following surgery.

Conclusion: The present case highlights the importance of close monitoring of the intracranial pressure of severe traumatic brain injury, even after decompressive procedures, because of the possible development of contralateral extradural hematoma.