Biomarkers of cadmium exposure and renal function in estuarine adult villagers.

Objective: Assess cadmium (Cd) exposure of adults living in two estuarine communities in Aratu bay, Bahia, Brazil and its association with effects on renal function.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 88 volunteers aged 17-55 years, living in the following two communities: Santa Luzia (SL) located more intimately in the bay and Cotegipe (CT), a bit further and closer to a ferro-manganese alloy plant. Cd in blood (CdB) and urine (CdU), along with blood lead (PbB) levels were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.

Applicability of Laparoscopic Nephrectomy in the Treatment of Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney: Sorting Out Surgical Indication.

Introduction We evaluated the applicability of laparoscopic nephrectomy in the treatment of multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) in children, including procedures performed by resident physicians or trainees in surgical urology. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 20 children with MCDK who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy over a six-year period. Data collected included gender, laterality of the affected kidney, age at the time of surgery, the largest diameter of the multicystic kidney and associated urological diagnoses, surgical, and postoperative data.