Changes in circulating levels of carboxymethyllysine, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), and inflammation markers in women during normal pregnancy.

To determine the circulating levels of insulin, Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in maternal and umbilical cord blood in a cohort of healthy women with normal pregnancy. We conducted an observational longitudinal study in a group of women ( = 31; age range 18-39 years) with healthy pregnancy starting at 30 weeks of gestation and finishing at the time of delivery. We collected weight and height in the participants and their neonates and calculated body mass index (BMI).

11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 promoter methylation is associated with placental protein expression in small for gestational age newborns.

Small for gestational age infants have greater risk of developing metabolic diseases in adult life. It has been suggested that low birth weight may result from glucocorticoid excess in utero, a key mechanism in fetal programming. The placental enzyme 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2, HSD11B2 gene) acts as a barrier protecting the fetus from maternal corticosteroid deleterious effects.

[Association of Doppler flowmetry with perinatal outcome in patients with oligohydramnios].

Background: Oligohydramnios is sometimes associated with poor perinatal outcome. Our aim was to determine the association of Doppler flowmetry with perinatal outcome in patients with oligohydramnios.

Methods: We carried out a prospective cross-sectional study that included 130 patients with pregnancy between 30 to 41 weeks of gestation; we compared the measurement of the resistance index in the umbilical artery by Doppler flowmetry and the measurement of amniotic fluid in patients with oligohydramnios.

[Results of the application of modified Hamilton scale in the diagnosis of maternal anxiety during immediate puerperium].

Background: Anxiety during pregnancy is a risk factor of maternal and fetal morbidity with adverse results in newborn at short and long term.

Objective: To determine, with the modified Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the level of anxiety at the immediate postpartum and its association with maternal and fetal morbidity.

Material And Method: A cross-sectional study including 384 patients at the immediate postpartum to whom modified Hamilton Anxiety Scale was applied to determine the level of anxiety and its association with maternal factors and fetal and neonatal morbidity.

[Prevalence of postpartum impaired glucose tolerance after gestational diabetes].

Background: gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 2 to 10% of pregnancies and it has been postulated as a variant of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) because they share a similar pathophysioiogy. Approximately in 90% the carbohydrate intolerance resolves after pregnancy, however after 5 to 16 years after delivery women will have a risk of 17 to 63% to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: to determine the frequency of postpartum impaired glucose tolerance in women with previous GDM.

[Comparison of isosorbide dinitrate and dinoprostone for induction of labor in term pregnancy].

Background: it has been suggested that nitric oxide generators, such as isosorbide dinitrate, may be an alternative to mimic the effects of signal transduction mechanisms leading to cervical ripening, without affecting uterine contractility.

Objective: to compare the isosorbide dinitrate and dinoprostone for induction of labor in term pregnancy.

Material And Methods: in a randomized controlled blinded clinical trial, we studied 66 patients divided into 2 groups: 33 patients were given 20 mg of isosorbide dinitrate and to the other 33 were administered 0.

[Prevalence of maternal sadness and its associated factors].

Background: Frequently occur emotional changes during pregnancy and postpartum. These changes can produce feelings of sadness, anxiety, or fear. In most women, these feelings called "maternity blues" or "baby blues" disappear quickly, if they do not disappear or worsen, they are catalogued as postpartum depression.

Prevalence of violence against pregnant women and associated maternal and neonatal complications in Leon, Mexico.

Objectives: to determine the prevalence of violence against women and associated maternal and neonatal complications in a developing country setting.

Design: cross-sectional study using a face-to-face questionnaire.

Setting: postpartum area at a tertiary care referral hospital in Leon, Mexico.

[Acceptance of contraceptives in the postpartum period in unplanned pregnancies].

Background: In spite the high rate of contraceptives use, the unplanned pregnancies still frequently occur. It is unknown the amount of women with unplanned pregnancies who accept contraceptive methods at immediate postpartum.

Objective: To determine the frequency of women with unplanned pregnancies who accept contraceptives at immediate postpartum and the associated factors with its acceptance.

[Progression of gestational hypertension to chronic hypertension].

Background: The gestational hypertension is the most frequent cause of hypertension during the pregnancy. The gestational hypertension is a provisional diagnosis only during the pregnancy; it is unknown the number of women with gestational hypertension who progress to chronic hypertension.

Objective: To determine the number of women with gestational hypertension who progress to chronic hypertension.

Prevalence of HIV antibodies in pregnant women with increased risk for AIDS.

The prevalence of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies in pregnant women varies widely between industrialized and developing countries. There is a lack of information about the status of HIV-infected pregnant women with increased risk for AIDS. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of HIV antibodies in pregnant women with increased risk at the Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Leon, Mexico, from December 18, 2003, through February 28, 2006.

[Predictive value of Doppler fluxometry of umbilical and middle cerebral arteries with the perinatal outcomes in fetus with intrauterine growth restriction].

Objective: To determine the predictive value of the Doppler fluxometry of the umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery with the perinatal outcome in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction.

Material And Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study. There were included 220 pregnant women with diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction.

[Risk factors associated to female infertility].

Background: Incidence of female infertility is growing worldwide and the its rate varies from 10 to 20%. It has been reported diverse risk factors associated with this medical complication.

Objective: To identify the risk factors with significant association with female infertility.

[Placental histopathological changes in gestational hypertension].

Background: Preeclampsia develops after a partial disorder in the process of placental formation, perhaps due to a deficiency of the trophoblast invasion by its spiral arteries and acute aterosis in its miometrial segments. It has not been reported if these changes also appear in placentas of women with gestational hypertension without proteinuria.

Objective: To describe histopathological changes in the placenta of patients with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.

Weight gain in preterm infants following parent-administered Vimala massage: a randomized controlled trial.

Massage has been proposed as a way of facilitating development and growth of newborns through its effects on increasing blood flow, heart rate, digestion, and immunity. Massage might increase basal metabolism and nutrient absorption through endocrine effects such as increase in insulin and adrenaline and decrease in cortisol. Preliminary studies have suggested significant impact on weight gain with shortening of in-hospital stays of up to 6 days.

[Successful pregnancies after oocyte and embryo vitrification].

Cryopreservation of human oocytes represents a solution for ethic conflict about frozen embryo storage for patients with risk to develop ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome; also is an available technique to preserve fertility in women with cancer under treatment, in poor response patients, in case of premature ovarian failure or aging and for other medical or social conditions that require to delay pregnancies, as well as to make easier oocyte donation programs. This paper reports two cases of successful pregnancies after embryo and oocyte vitrification, as well as their results. The technique of vitrification with the cryotop method is an excellent alternative, efficient, fast and cheap for oocyte and embryo cryopreservation with high ranges of fertilization, cleavage and pregnancies with a normal evolution.

Ghrelin in small-for-gestational age (SGA) newborn babies: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Small-for-gestational newborn babies may have long-term metabolic consequences. Among the main hormones possibly involved in foetal growth regulation are the IGFs, IGFBPs and the recently described ghrelin.

Objective: To examine the levels of desacyl-ghrelin, IGF-1, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 in children Small-for-gestational age (SGA) and children adequate-for-gestational age (AGA).

[Risk factors associated with dystocic delivery].

Background: the dystocic delivery is a frequent complication and its perinatal repercussions vary from minor lesions to severe brain damage. It has been reported diverse factors associated with this medical complication.

Objective: to identify the risk factors with significant association with dystocic delivery.

[Major and multiple birth defects in newborns of women attended in a tertiary care hospital].

Objective: To identify the frequency and type of major and multiple birth defects in live newborns of pregnant women attending at a tertiary care hospital.

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out during one year. There were included pregnant women who delivered neonates with a single major birth defect, or three minor birth defects, or one single major birth defect with two minor birth defects.

[Correlation between Doppler fluxometry of middle cerebral artery/umbilical and non stress test as methods of antepartum fetal surveillance].

Objective: To determine the correlation between Doppler fluxometry of middle/umbilical cerebral artery and the non-stress test as methods of antepartum fetal surveillance.

Patients And Methods: We made a cross-sectional study. There were included 161 patients with high risk pregnancies.

Acceptance of lactational amenorrhoea for family planning after postpartum counseling.

Objective: To determine the impact of postpartum counseling on the acceptance of lactational amenorrhoea method (LAM) for family planning.

Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study 1490 postpartum women were included. Women who accepted or refused LAM for family planning were identified by means of a written survey.

Antenatal dexamethasone and renal vascular resistance in preterm infants.

Objective: To compare vascular resistance, renal volume and insulin levels in preterm infants with and without antenatal steroids.

Methods: We studied 61 preterm infants (37 with (group A) and 24 without antecedent of antenatal steroids (group B)). We measured insulin levels at birth in cord blood samples.

Risk factors of maternal death in Mexico.

Background: One of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals for 2015 is to reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three fourths. Ninety-nine percent of maternal deaths occur in developing countries, and the World Health Organization encourages investigations in these settings to determine the risk factors of maternal deaths. Our aim was to identify these risk factors in a hospital-based study in Mexico.

Efficacy and renal toxicity of one daily dose of amikacin versus conventional dosage regime.

This study assessed the efficacy and renal toxicity of one daily dose of amikacin versus several doses in infected full-term newborns. A clinical trial was conducted with 120 patients who were divided into two groups: group A (n = 60), infants who received amikacin 20 mg/kg/d in one dose; and group B (n = 60), infants who received amikacin 10 mg/kg/d every 12 hours. Both groups also received ampicillin 100 mg/kg/day.

[Maternal and fetal morbidity in obese pregnant women].

Objective: To determine the maternal and fetal morbidity in obese pregnant women compared with non-obese pregnant women.

Patients And Methods: It was carried out a case-control study. There were included 342 patients who had a body mass index previous to the pregnancy of 18.