Transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-17, and IL-23 gene expression profiles associated with human peri-implantitis.

Objectives: The mRNA expression profiles of IL-23/Th17 and the Treg-associated cytokine TGF-β in peri-implantitis are currently under research. This study characterized the IL-17, IL-23, and TGF-β gene expression levels in healthy and diseased peri-implant tissues and correlated these data with radiographic bone loss.

Material And Methods: Peri-implant soft tissues from 40 subjects (20 healthy controls with mean age of 59.