Evaluation of Criminal Responsibility in a Patient with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Intellectual Disability.

The current study presents the case of a young man with intellectual disability related to fetal alcohol syndrome, referred for forensic psychiatric examination of criminal liability following charges of armed robbery, and who was considered not criminally liable. In such cases, it is crucial to perform early diagnosis and rely on educational and developmental services and a supportive home environment to decrease complications such as substance use and criminal involvement.

Phenotypic plasticity does not prevent impairment of aboveground biomass production due to increased light and water deficit in Dimorphandra exaltata, an endangered species.

Phenotypic plasticity may allow plant species to cope with environmental variability that influences plant growth and may limit the distribution of a species. The present study investigated the morphophysiology and phenotypic plasticity responses due to light and water variability of young Dimorphandra exaltata plants, an endemic threatened tree from the Atlantic Forest. After emergence, plants were grown in two light conditions: shading (70%) and full sun.

Adiposity and Muscle Strength in Men With Prostate Cancer and Cardiovascular Outcomes.

Background: There are limited data on the physical effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PC), and on the relationships of such measures of adiposity and strength to cardiovascular outcomes.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships of measures of adiposity and strength to cardiovascular outcomes (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, arterial revascularization, peripheral arterial disease, and venous thromboembolism) in patients with PC. A secondary objective was to characterize the relationships between ADT use and 12-month changes in these physical measures.

Risk Factors, Management, and Evolution after the First Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Real-World Study Comparing Cohorts of Women and Men in the TriNetX Network.

Background: International cohort studies have consistently demonstrated an unfavorable prognosis in female patients after the first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) over the past decades. However, national data on this topic are limited.

Objectives: This study aims to compare national cohorts of men and women hospitalized due to the first acute myocardial infarction, examining long-term outcomes.

Development, Content Validation and Usability of a Chatbot for Disseminating Scientific Information About Cannabis Among Young Adults.

Despite the high prevalence of cannabis consumption, there is limited information about cannabis based on scientific evidence available and targeted toward young adults, especially considering accessible language and ease of access. The present study aimed to develop the proof of concept of a chatbot for the dissemination of evidence and scientific information about cannabis, focused on a young adult audience. The proof of concept involved stages of literature review, conversation flow development, content evaluation through a panel of experts ( = 10) and usability analysis using a sample of potential users (young adults,  = 10).

Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Cardiac Device-Related Infective Endocarditis.

Infective endocarditis (IE) associated with implantable cardiac devices (ICD) is a serious disease with high mortality rates. The increased number of ICD implants has led to increased ICD infection rates. The aim of this study was to characterize clinical, laboratory profiles and the prognosis of cardiac-device-related endocarditis (CDIE), as well as to identify predictors of in-hospital death.

Physical Exercise Inhibits Cognitive Impairment and Memory Loss in Aged Mice, and Enhances Pre- and Post-Synaptic Proteins in the Hippocampus of Young and Aged Mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of swimming in the brain and behavior of young and aged mice. Forty-eight male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly distributed into 4 groups (n = 12 per group, 3 and 18 months old). The subdivision of the groups was: 3 months-SED, 18 months-SED, 3 months-EXE, and 18 months-EXE.

Bright light increases blood pressure and rate-pressure product after a single session of aerobic exercise in men.

This study aimed to test whether bright light (BL) exposure attenuates the reduction in blood pressure (BP) postexercise compared to dim light (DL). Twenty healthy men (27 ± 5 years) randomly underwent two experimental sessions: one under BL (5000 lux) and another under dim light (DL <8lux). In each session, subjects executed a bout of aerobic exercise (cycle ergometer, 30 min, moderate intensity).

Impact of Neurological Complications on Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Infective Endocarditis.

Neurological complications are frequent during the active course of infective endocarditis (IE), and they are associated with high in-hospital mortality rates. However, limited data exist on the prognostic value of these complications for late outcomes. This study aimed to assess the long-term impact of neurological complications in patients surviving an IE episode.

The Effects of Exercise on Cardiogenic Shock with an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump: A Case Report.

This case report describes the exercise program on a hospitalized 54-year-old male patient with cardiogenic shock waiting for a heart transplant assisted by an intra-aortic balloon pump, a temporary mechanical circulatory support device. The temporary mechanical circulatory support device, an intra-aortic balloon pump, was placed in the left subclavian artery, enabling the exercise protocol. Measurements and values from Swan-Ganz catheter, blood sample, brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), as well as the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) were obtained before and after an exercise protocol.

Machine learning-based soil quality assessment for enhancing environmental monitoring in iron ore mining-impacted ecosystems.

In November 2015, a catastrophic rupture of the Fundão dam in Mariana (Brazil), resulted in extensive socio-economic and environmental repercussions that persist to this day. In response, several reforestation programs were initiated to remediate the impacted regions. However, accurately assessing soil health in these areas is a complex endeavor.

Ad libitum ice slurry ingestion and half-marathon performance in a hot environment: A study comparing the effects of the amount and moment of ingestion between ice slurry and water at 37 °C.

Ice slurry ingestion during prolonged exercises may improve performance in hot environments; however, the ideal amount and timing of ingestion are still uncertain. We determined whether ad libitum ice slurry ingestion influences physiological and perceptual variables and half-marathon performance while comparing the effects of the amount and moment of ingestion between ice slurry and water at 37 °C. Ten trained participants (28 ± 2 years; mean and SD) were required to run two half marathons while consuming either ice slurry (-1 °C; Ad-1) or water (37 °C; 37 CE) ad libitum.

Risk factors for recognized and unrecognized SARS-CoV-2 infection: a seroepidemiologic analysis of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.

There are limited data on individual risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection (including unrecognized infection). In this seroepidemiologic substudy of an ongoing prospective cohort study of community-dwelling adults, participants were thoroughly characterized pre-pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 infection was ascertained by serology.

The hospital Israelita Albert Einstein standards for constitutional sequence variants classification: version 2023.

Background: Next-generation sequencing has had a significant impact on genetic disease diagnosis, but the interpretation of the vast amount of genomic data it generates can be challenging. To address this, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology have established guidelines for standardized variant interpretation. In this manuscript, we present the updated Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein Standards for Constitutional Sequence Variants Classification, incorporating modifications from leading genetics societies and the ClinGen initiative.

Middle cerebral artery blood velocity and cognitive function after high- and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise sessions.

This crossover study explored the acute effect of a session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on middle cerebral artery (MCA) variables such as cerebral blood velocity, pulsatility index (PI) and resistivity index (RI) through transcranial Doppler (TCD), and cognitive function (CF - verbal fluency and Digit Span) in healthy young adults. Participants (26 healthy young adults, 13 women, 24 ± 3 years) underwent two different randomized exercise sessions: (1) MICT (60 % heart rate reserve, HRR) and (2) HIIT (80 % HRR). MCA velocity, PI, RI, CF, and serum lactate were measured immediately before and after the sessions.

Matricide and schizophrenia- psychopathological, psychodynamic, and forensic aspects: a case report.

Matricide is the murder of a mother by her son or daughter, a form of homicide rarely seen in psychiatric practice. A narrative review was conducted on the relationship between matricide and schizophrenia, followed by a case report in Brazil of a schizophrenic patient who murdered his mother and was submitted to forensic psychiatric assessment for criminal liability. The article discusses psychopathological, psychodynamic, and forensic aspects related to the case.

110-million-years-old fossil suggests early parasitism in shrimps.

Direct evidence of paleo-parasitism in crustaceans is very scarce. Epicaridean isopods are obligatory parasites of crustaceans, including decapods such as crabs, shrimps, and lobsters. Their interaction with hosts is known from fossils as far back as the Jurassic through deformations of the branchial cuticle on the hosts.

Use of a Portable Mechanical Ventilator during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is Feasible, Improves Respiratory Parameters, and Prevents the Decrease of Dynamic Lung Compliance.

Background: For practical and protective ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), a 150-grams mechanical ventilator (VLP2000E) that limits peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) during simultaneous ventilation with chest compressions was developed.

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of VLP2000E ventilation during CPR and to compare monitored parameters versus bag-valve ventilation.

Methods: A randomized experimental study with 10 intubated pigs per group.

The effect of microencapsulated watermelon rind () and beetroot ( L.) ingestion on ischemia/reperfusion-induced endothelial dysfunction: a randomised clinical trial.

Endothelial dysfunction is commonly associated with a cardiovascular event, such as myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction is marked by an ischemia/reperfusion (IR) phenomenon associated with endothelial dysfunction, contributing even more to future cardiovascular events. Although the supplementation with L-citrulline and nitrate from watermelon and beetroot have been used to improve vascular function, the effect of microencapsulated watermelon rind (WR) or its co-ingestion with beetroot (WR + B) on endothelial IR injury has not been addressed.

Quality of life in dysphagia and anxiety and depression symptoms pre and post-thyroidectomy.

Purpose: To correlate the dysphagia quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression before and after thyroidectomy.

Methods: Observational, longitudinal, prospective, and experimental study. Twenty patients participated, with a mean age of 54 years, prevalence of females (n=17; 85%) and partial thyroidectomy (n=14; 70%).

Antimicrobial activity of cinnamaldehyde against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: an in vitro and in vivo study.

The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae strains have increased worldwide, posing a significant health threat by limiting the therapeutic options. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial potential of cinnamaldehyde against MDR-K. pneumoniae strains in vitro and in vivo assays.