Causal Effect of Smoking and Cessation on Tooth Loss.

Aim: To estimate the causal effects of smoking and cessation on tooth loss using instrumental variable (IV) analysis.

Material And Methods: Data from the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), conducted from 1995 to 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012 in 50 U.S.

Cost-effectiveness of home care compared to hospital care in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review.

Background: To compare, through a systematic literature review, the cost-effectiveness ratio of home care compared to hospital care for following up patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: This review was registered in PROSPERO, and the bibliographic search was performed in six primary databases [MedLine (via PubMed), Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, Web of Science, and Embase], two dedicated databases for economic studies (NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) Registry), and two databases for partially searching the "gray literature" (DansEasy and ProQuest). This review only included studies that compared home and hospital care for patients diagnosed with COPD, regardless of publication year or language.

High free sugars, insulin resistance, and low socioeconomic indicators: the hubs in the complex network of non-communicable diseases in adolescents.

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) predominantly affect adults, but pathophysiological changes begin decades earlier, as a continuum, with initial events apparent in adolescence. Hence, early identification and intervention are crucial for the prevention and management of NCDs. We investigated the complex network of socioeconomic, behavioral, and metabolic factors associated with the presence of NCD in Brazilian adolescents.

Do all individuals benefit equally from non-surgical periodontal therapy? Secondary analyses of systematic review data.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the variability and treatment effect heterogeneity in response to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).

Methods: Data from randomized controlled trials included in two recent systematic reviews on the effect of NSPT on mean clinical attachment loss (CAL), mean probing pocket depth (PPD), percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (%BOP), PPD ≤3 mm (%PD ≤3 mm), and C-reactive protein levels (CRP) at 3-12-month follow-up among adults with systemic diseases or conditions were used. In these trials, the control arms received no treatment, hygiene advice, or supragingival scaling.

Burden of severe periodontitis and edentulism in 2021, with projections up to 2050: The Global Burden of Disease 2021 study.

Aim: To (i) assess the prevalence, incidence, and burden of severe periodontitis and edentulism in 2021, and (ii) forecast their rates in 2050.

Methods: Prevalence, incidence, and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) for severe periodontitis and edentulism in 2021 were gathered globally, covering 204 countries, seven super regions, and 21 regions from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. Prevalence, incidence, and YLDs due to periodontitis and edentulism to 2050 were projected using mixed-effects models with the socio-demographic index as the main covariate.

Insulin resistance and periodontitis: Mediation by blood pressure.

Aim: This study investigated the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, and moderate/severe periodontitis and the role of blood pressure as a mediator in this association. A second aim was to assess the role of cardiometabolic conditions such as obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia as potential effect modifiers.

Methods: Data from 5733 US adults aged 30-64 years and with complete periodontal examination were analyzed (NHANES 2011-2014).

Exploring the Bidirectional Relationship Between Periodontitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Large Danish Cohort.

Objective: We investigated the bidirectional relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis and their cross-sectional association using national administrative health care data.

Methods: The sample included 3,308,903 individuals aged 20 to 79 years who resided in Denmark in 2000 and had remained free of RA and periodontitis in the previous 10 years. RA and periodontitis were defined using diagnosis and treatment codes.

Periodontitis is associated with impaired olfactory function: A clinical study.

Aim: To explore the association between periodontitis and olfactory disorders.

Methods: Clinical data were collected from 198 individuals between the ages of 18 and 60 years living in Denmark. The exposure was periodontitis, and the outcome was olfactory function (Threshold, Discrimination, Identification - TDI score), both measured clinically.

Chronic oral disease burden at the first 1000 days: Intergenerational risk factors, BRISA cohort.

Objective: To analyze multiple-causal models, including socioeconomic, obesity, sugar consumption, alcohol smoking, caries, and periodontitis variables in pregnant women with early sugar exposure, obesity, and the Chronic Oral Disease Burden in their offspring around the first 1000 days of life.

Methods: The BRISA cohort study, Brazil, had two assessments: at the 22nd-25th gestational weeks and during the child's second year (n = 1141). We proposed a theoretical model exploring the association between socioeconomic and pregnancy factors (age, smoking, alcohol, sugars, obesity, periodontitis, and caries) and child's variables (sugars and overweight) with the outcome, Chronic Oral Disease Burden (latent variable deduced from visible plaque, gingivitis, and tooth decay), using structural equation modeling.

Dental service use among adults with incident type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease.

Objectives: It is not clear if or how the incidence of systemic conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects dental service utilization. Using nationwide Danish register data, the aim of this study was to analyse the use of dental services 7 years before and after being diagnosed with DM, RA or IBD between 1997 and 2011.

Methods: Information about incident DM was obtained from the Register for Selected Chronic Diseases and Severe Mental Disorders, and incident RA and IBD were defined based on diagnosis codes of hospital contacts identified through the National Patient Register.

Development of a nomogram for identifying periodontitis cases in Denmark.

Although self-reported health outcomes are of importance, attempts to validate a clinical applicable instrument (e.g., nomogram) combining sociodemographic and self-reported information on periodontitis have yet to be performed to identify periodontitis cases.

Oral conditions are associated with salt taste disability among American adults.

Aim: To explore the association between oral conditions and their interaction with salt taste disability among American adults.

Methods: Data from the 2013-2014 NHANES cycle were used (n = 2373). The exposures were periodontitis, defined by the 2017 EFP-AAP classification, dental caries, missing teeth, and edentulism, as per the DMF-T index, and xerostomia.

Incidence, mortality and survival rates of lip, oral cavity and salivary glands cancers in Singapore: A half-century time trend analysis (1968-2017).

Objectives: To examine trends in incidence and mortality and evaluate overall survival (OS) of oral cancer in Singapore between 1968 and 2017.

Methods: All diagnosed oral cancers by anatomical sites and population size were extracted from the Singapore Cancer Registry and the Department of Statistics Singapore. The trend of age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and mortality rate (ASMR) (per 100 000 person-years) of the lip, oral cavity and salivary gland cancers were evaluated by Prais-Winsten regressions for each ethnicity and gender.

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and periodontitis among adults: A population-based cross-sectional study.

Aim: Investigating the association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and periodontitis and whether the awareness of diabetes modifies this relationship.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data involving US adults aged 30-50. Periodontitis was classified according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American Academy of Periodontology (CDC-AAP), and SSB consumption as dichotomous (<5 or ≥5, <7 or ≥7 and <14 or ≥14 times/week), ordinal and continuous variables.

Chewing Disability Is Associated With Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Chewing disability is associated with impaired quality of life, potentially leading to depression, and cognitive impairment. Although the chewing-ability-cognition relationship has been explored, examining whether depression mediates this relationship remains unclear. We investigated the association between chewing disability and cognitive impairment development and a potential mediation via depression among older persons.

Assessment of color changes and adverse effects of over-the-counter bleaching protocols: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objectives: To assess color change efficacy and the adverse effects of varied over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching protocols.

Methodology: The study included randomized clinical trials evaluating color changes from OTC bleaching agents. Nine databases were searched, including the partial capture of the grey literature.

Multilayer microparticles for programmed sequential release of phenolic compounds from Eugenia stipitata: Stability and bioavailability.

A co-delivery system based on multilayer microparticles was developed and characterized for the sequential release of phenolic compounds (PCs) using different encapsulation processes (spray drying: SD and drying-chilling spray: SDC) and wall materials to improve the stability and bioavailability of PCs. Samples were characterized in terms of process yield (PY%), phenolic retention efficiency (PRE%), chemical structure and crystallinity (NMR, FTIR, DXR), thermal stability (DSC and FT-IR), anti-radical capacity (ORAC and ABTS) and in vitro digestion. PRE% of samples by SD were higher (p < 0.

Health-related quality of life, jaw function and sleep-disordered breathing among patients with dentofacial deformity.

Background And Objectives: Patients with dentofacial deformity (DFD) requiring orthognathic treatment have poor aesthetics, jaw function and psychological well-being, which potentially affect the quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the health-related general, oral and orthognathic quality of life, jaw function and sleep-disordered breathing at different stages of orthognathic surgical treatment.

Methods: A total of 120 consecutive patients with DFD were recruited and grouped as pre-orthodontic treatment (group 1), pre-surgery (group 2), 4 months post-surgery (group 3), 24 months post-surgery (group 4) and in addition 30 controls without DFD (group 0).

Brown spiders (Loxosceles) are taking hold in Pernambuco, Brazil: a case series, 2018-2022.

Objective: To describe accidents involving brown spider (genus Loxosceles) bites notified by the Pernambuco Poison Information and Care Center (CIATox-PE), Brazil, from January 2018 to December 2022.

Methods: This was a case series study of brown spider bites notified by the CIATox-PE.

Results: The study included 22 cases with median age of 35 years, the majority being female (13); the cases occurred in rural and urban areas (12 versus 10), at night (10); Petrolina was the municipality with the highest number of notifications (6); spider bites occurred mainly in the lower (11) and upper (9) limbs, almost exclusively inside households (21); specific serum therapy was not indicated for 8 cases because the time for its effectiveness had already elapsed.

Effect of retirement on self-rated oral health and dental services use: longitudinal fixed-effects instrumental variable study in 31 countries.

Objective: This study examined the effect of retirement on self-rated oral health and dental services use.

Methods: Covering 31 countries, we used harmonized panel data from the English Longitudinal Study on Aging (ELSA), Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Data comprised 485 085 observations from 112 240 individuals aged ≥50 years.

The role of differential exposure and susceptibility to heavy drinking linking income inequalities and tooth loss: An investigation of the alcohol harm paradox using a four-way decomposition analysis.

Objectives: To examine the extent to which the effect of income inequalities on tooth loss is attributable to differential exposure and susceptibility to heavy drinking in older Brazilian adults.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using data from The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSI-Brazil 2015-2016), a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling people aged 50 years and over. Causal mediation analysis based on the counterfactual outcome framework decomposed the effect of income on tooth loss mediated by heavy drinking into four components (four-way decomposition): controlled direct effect (neither mediation nor interaction), reference interaction (interaction only), mediated interaction (both mediation and interaction) and pure indirect effect (mediation only).

Oral and systemic health in Singapore: Revisiting the past to define the future.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify studies exploring oral and systemic conditions using Singapore data.

Methods: Studies were searched using the databases PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, with no publication date or language restrictions. Studies analysing Singaporean data were included in this review.