Twelve-year trends in unprotected left main coronary artery occlusion: insights from a real-world multicentre study.

Aims: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) resulting from unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion and subtotal occlusion is a life-threatening condition. Although AMI management has improved in the past two decades, there is limited information on recent trends in patient characteristics, management, and outcomes for acute unprotected LMCA-related AMI. This study aims to assess such trends over a 12 year period.

Intermittent fasting combined with exercise training reduces body mass and alleviates hypothalamic disorders induced by high-fat diet intake.

High-fat diet consumption causes hypothalamic inflammation, dysregulating the leptin pathway, which, in turn, compromises the modulation of hypothalamic neuronal activities and predisposes obesity development. Intermittent fasting (IF) and exercise training (ET) have been demonstrated as efficient interventions to modulate hypothalamic inflammation and neuronal activity. However, no studies have evaluated whether combining these interventions could induce better results in reestablishing hypothalamic homeostasis disrupted by high-fat diet intake.

The dual and emerging role of physical exercise-induced TFEB activation in the protection against Alzheimer's disease.

The mechanisms of autophagy have been related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis by the endosomal-lysosomal system, having a critical function in forming amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms mediating disease pathogenesis remain unclear. The transcription factor EB (TFEB), a primary transcriptional autophagy regulator, improves gene expression, mediating lysosome function, autophagic flux, and autophagosome biogenesis.

Exercise alters the circadian rhythm of REV-ERB-α and downregulates autophagy-related genes in peripheral and central tissues.

The transcriptional repressor REV-ERB-α, encoded by Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group D Member 1 (Nr1d1), has been considered to play an essential role in the skeletal muscle oxidative capacity adaptation and muscle mass control. Also, this molecule regulates autophagy via the repression of autophagy-related genes both in skeletal muscle and brain regions. Classically, training programs based on endurance or strength characteristics enhance skeletal muscle mass content and/or oxidative capacity, leading to autophagy activation in several tissues.

Using Intermittent Fasting as a Non-pharmacological Strategy to Alleviate Obesity-Induced Hypothalamic Molecular Pathway Disruption.

Intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular intervention used to fight overweight/obesity. This condition is accompanied by hypothalamic inflammation, limiting the proper signaling of molecular pathways, with consequent dysregulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. This mini-review explored the therapeutic modulation potential of IF regarding the disruption of these molecular pathways.

Moderate, but Not Excessive, Training Attenuates Autophagy Machinery in Metabolic Tissues.

The protective effects of chronic moderate exercise-mediated autophagy include the prevention and treatment of several diseases and the extension of lifespan. In addition, physical exercise may impair cellular structures, requiring the action of the autophagy mechanism for clearance and renovation of damaged cellular components. For the first time, we investigated the adaptations on basal autophagy flux in vivo in mice's liver, heart, and skeletal muscle tissues submitted to four different chronic exercise models: endurance, resistance, concurrent, and overtraining.

anti-trypanosomal potential of kaurane and pimarane semi-synthetic derivatives.

As part of the search for anti-trypanosomal agents, this work presents the production of sixteen derivatives. All of them were obtained from two natural diterpenes, one with kaurane skeleton (-kaurenoic acid) and other with a pimarane skeleton (-pimaradienoic acid). Then, the eighteen compounds were assayed against epimastigote form of , with the derivatives showing increase of activity in relation to their precursors.

Aspirin-Free Prasugrel Monotherapy Following Coronary Artery Stenting in Patients With Stable CAD: The ASET Pilot Study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that prasugrel monotherapy following successful everolimus-eluting stent implantation is feasible and safe in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).

Background: Recent studies have suggested that short dual-antiplatelet therapy strategies may provide an adequate balance between ischemic and bleeding risks. However, the complete omission of aspirin immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been tested so far.

Same-day discharge after elective percutaneous coronary intervention: A single center experience.

Introduction And Objectives: Elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become an increasingly safe procedure. However, same day discharge (SDD) has yet to become standard practice. Our aim is to characterize the patients who underwent elective PCI and compare outcomes between the overnight stay (ONS) patient group and the group that was discharged on the same day at 24 hours and at 30 days.

Chronic uphill and downhill exercise protocols do not lead to sarcomerogenesis in mouse skeletal muscle.

It has been suggested that eccentric contraction (EC) is associated with increases in serially arranged sarcomeres (sarcomerogenesis), while concentric contraction (CC) has been associated with serial sarcomeres decrease. Sarcomerogenesis following EC is thought to be a protective muscle adaptation, preventing muscle injury in future eccentric exercise bouts (repeated bout effect). However, the mechanisms underlying sarcomerogenesis in EC remain unknown, and the sarcomerogenic responses observed in response to EC and CC are contradictory.

Excessive treadmill training enhances the insulin signaling pathway and glycogen deposition in mice hearts.

Exhaustive and chronic physical exercise leads to peripheral inflammation, which is one of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the impairment of the insulin signaling pathway in the heart. Recently, 3 different running overtraining models performed downhill (OTR/down), uphill (OTR/up), and without inclination (OTR) increased the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines. This proinflammatory status induced insulin signaling impairment in the skeletal muscle; however, the response of this signaling pathway in the cardiac muscle of overtrained mice was still unknown.

Computed tomography-guided pericardiocentesis: a systematic review concerning contemporary evidence and future perspectives.

Background: Pericardial effusion (PE) can develop in several pathological scenarios, and is often initially evaluated by means of echocardiography. Computed tomography (CT) has been used as an aid in the management of patients presenting with PE, in selected cases. The role of CT-guided pericardiocentesis in contemporary practice, however, remains not fully ascertained.

Excessive training induces molecular signs of pathologic cardiac hypertrophy.

Chronic exercise induces cardiac remodeling that promotes left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac functional improvement, which are mediated by the mammalian or the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) as well as by the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). However, pathological conditions (i.e.

Positive effects of total recovery period on anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines are not linked to performance re-establishment in overtrained mice.

The association between excessive training sessions (i.e., overtraining/OT) and periods of inadequate recovery is linked to the nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) state, which is defined as an unexplained decrement or stagnation of performance.

Levels of Hepatic Activating Transcription Factor 6 and Caspase-3 Are Downregulated in Mice after Excessive Training.

Recently, we demonstrated that different running overtraining (OT) protocols with the same external load, but performed downhill (OTR/down), uphill (OTR/up), and without inclination (OTR), led to hepatic fat accumulation. As the disruption of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is linked to animal models of fatty liver disease, we investigated the effects of these OT models on the proteins related to ER stress (i.e.

Impact of alkaline alterations to a Brazilian soil on cesium retention under low temperature conditions.

To be used as backfilling materials in radioactive waste disposal facilities, a natural material must have a suitable permeability, mechanical properties and a high sorption capacity for radionuclides. Also important when considering a material as a backfill is the effect of its interaction with the alkaline solution generated from concrete degradation. This solution promotes mineralogical alterations that result in significant changes in the material key properties influencing its performance as a safety component of the repository.

Excessive training is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress but not apoptosis in the hypothalamus of mice.

Downhill running-based overtraining model increases the hypothalamic levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, SOCS3, and pSAPK-JNK. The aim of the present study was to verify the effects of 3 overtraining protocols on the levels of BiP, pIRE-1 (Ser724), pPERK (Thr981), pelF2α (Ser52), ATF-6, GRP-94, caspase 4, caspase 12, pAKT (Ser473), pmTOR (Ser2448), and pAMPK (Thr172) proteins in the mouse hypothalamus. The mice were randomized into the control, overtrained by downhill running (OTR/down), overtrained by uphill running (OTR/up), and overtrained by running without inclination (OTR) groups.

Exhaustive Training Leads to Hepatic Fat Accumulation.

Recently, we demonstrated that an overtraining (OT) protocol for mice based on downhill running sessions increased the hepatic phosphorylation of 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1; Thr389), a downstream target of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In liver, the overactivation of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway induces lipogenesis via regulation of the action of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) at multiple steps. Herein, we verified the effects of three running OT models with same external load (i.

Computed tomography-guided pericardiocentesis - A single-center experience.

Introduction And Objectives: Pericardial effusion is a common complication in clinical situations such as cardiothoracic surgery and cancer, in which pericardiocentesis may be essential. Pericardiocentesis can be guided by different imaging techniques, most commonly echocardiography. Computed tomography (CT) has significant advantages but there is still little evidence supporting its use in this context.

Validation of coronary computed tomography angiography scores for non-invasive assessment of atherosclerotic burden through a comparison with multivessel intravascular ultrasound.

Aims: While the atherosclerotic plaque volume can be manually quantified in coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) it is impractical for clinical routine use. Several anatomical scores have been developed as surrogates for overall atherosclerotic burden in coronary CTA and even proven to be highly predictive for future adverse events. However, they have not been validated against the gold standard for atherosclerotic burden, intra-vascular ultrasound (IVUS).

A Novel Algorithm to Quantify Coronary Remodeling Using Inferred Normal Dimensions.

Background: Vascular remodeling, the dynamic dimensional change in face of stress, can assume different directions as well as magnitudes in atherosclerotic disease. Classical measurements rely on reference to segments at a distance, risking inappropriate comparison between dislike vessel portions.

Objective: to explore a new method for quantifying vessel remodeling, based on the comparison between a given target segment and its inferred normal dimensions.

Cardiogenic shock induced by Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: A new therapeutic option.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is characterized by the sudden onset of reversible left ventricular dysfunction, with a presentation similar to that of an acute coronary syndrome. Although cardiogenic shock is a rare occurrence in TC, if it does occur it may require the use of a left ventricular assist device. We report the use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in a patient with TC and refractory cardiogenic shock.

Structurally modified natural sesquiterpene lactones constitute effective and less toxic schistosomicidal compounds.

Sesquiterpene lactones are known to be active, but are also known to present high cytotoxicity. In the present work an evaluation of how slight structural alterations affect the cytotoxicity and the schistosomicidal activity of sesquiterpene lactones was undertaken. More specifically, we assessed the activity of budlein-A, a furanoheliangolide sesquiterpene lactone, and four of its derivatives.

Aborted sudden cardiac death as first presentation of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) can be the first clinical manifestation of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. Catheter ablation of accessory pathways is now a safe and effective procedure, and is widely recommended in patients with WPW syndrome. However, management of the asymptomatic WPW patient remains controversial.