Glaucoma Screening and Referral Risk Factors in a High-Risk Population: Follow-up Study of the Manhattan Vision Screening Study (NYC-SIGHT).

Prcis: Community-based eye health screenings that incorporated fundus photography and optometric exams in a high-risk NYC population effectively identified a higher than average number of participants that required an in-office glaucoma evaluation.

Purpose: To report glaucoma screening rates and risk factors associated with referral for in-office glaucoma evaluation in the Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-up Study (NYC-SIGHT).

Methods: In this 5-year, cluster-randomized clinical trial, eligible individuals aged 40 and older were recruited from affordable housing developments and senior centers.

Racial Differences in Diagnostic Accuracy of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in eyes of African (AD) and European descent (ED).

Design: Comparative diagnostic accuracy analysis by race.

Participants: 379 healthy eyes (125 AD and 254 ED) and 442 glaucomatous eyes (226 AD and 216 ED) from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study.

Tissue response in a rat model of denture stomatitis treated with tissue conditioner containing antifungal complexed with β-cyclodextrin.

Tissue conditioners modified with antifungals are a potential alternative to denture stomatitis (DS) treatment. Information on tissue response to this treatment before its clinical application is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the tissue response of a tissue conditioner modified with antifungals in a rat model of DS.

One Health Approach to Toxoplasmosis: Owner and Dog Seropositivity as Spatial Indicators of Risk Areas for Acquired, Gestational and Congenital Transmission.

Background: Toxoplasmosis has been of public health concern due to direct associations with socioeconomic vulnerability and inadequate living conditions.

Methods: Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess antibodies against , historical reported toxoplasmosis cases and associated socio-environmental risk factors in Pinhais, a full urban area of Curitiba, currently the eighth biggest metropolitan area of Brazil. Anti- antibodies were assessed by an indirect immunofluorescence reaction (RIFI).

in Bats (Chiroptera; Mammalia) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, São Paulo State.

The causative agent of Chagas disease is , which is widely distributed throughout the South American continent and extends into North America. Its occurrence in bats is poorly described and may impact the disease's maintenance and epidemiology. The aim of this study was to detect the agent by PCR assays targeting kDNA and nuclear DNA in the organs of 203 urban bats and rural vampire bats from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, São Paulo state, during the pandemic period from 2020 to 2022.

Racial Differences in Diagnostic Accuracy of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in eyes of African (AD) and European descent (ED).

Design: Comparative diagnostic accuracy analysis by race.

Participants: 379 healthy eyes (125 AD and 254 ED) and 442 glaucomatous eyes (226 AD and 216 ED) from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study.

Deep Learning Identifies High-Quality Fundus Photographs and Increases Accuracy in Automated Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Detection.

Purpose: To develop and evaluate a deep learning (DL) model to assess fundus photograph quality, and quantitatively measure its impact on automated POAG detection in independent study populations.

Methods: Image quality ground truth was determined by manual review of 2815 fundus photographs of healthy and POAG eyes from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (DIGS/ADAGES), as well as 11,350 from the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS). Human experts assessed a photograph as high quality if of sufficient quality to determine POAG status and poor quality if not.

Anti-Candida activity and in vitro toxicity screening of antifungals complexed with β-cyclodextrin.

The emergence of resistant fungal species and the toxicity of currently available antifungal drugs are relevant issues that require special consideration. Cyclodextrins inclusion complexes could optimize the antimicrobial activity of such drugs and create a controlled release system with few side effects. This study aimed to assess the in vitro toxicity and antifungal effectiveness of nystatin (Nys) and chlorhexidine (Chx) complexed or not with β-cyclodextrin (βCD).

Calcium Channel Blocker Use and Associated Glaucoma and Related Traits Among UK Biobank Participants.

Importance: Calcium channel blocker (CCB) use has been associated with an increased risk of glaucoma in exploratory studies.

Objective: To examine the association of systemic CCB use with glaucoma and related traits among UK Biobank participants.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cross-sectional study included UK Biobank participants with complete data (2006-2010) for analysis of glaucoma status, intraocular pressure (IOP), and optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived inner retinal layer thicknesses.

What is the Optimal Frequency of Visual Field Testing to Detect Rapid Progression Among Hypertensive Eyes?

Prcis: We evaluated 16,351 visual field (VF) tests from Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) database and showed that more frequent testing resulted in a shorter time to detect glaucoma progression, with the best trade-off being the 6-month intervals for high-risk and 12 months for low-risk patients.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of different testing intervals on time to detect visual field progression in eyes with ocular hypertension.

Methods: A total of 16,351 reliable 30-2 VF tests from 1575 eyes of the OHTS-1 observation arm with a mean (95% CI) follow-up of 4.

Solvation effects on glyphosate protonation and deprotonation states evaluated by mass spectrometry and explicit solvation simulations.

Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide, and its protonation and deprotonation sites are fundamental to understanding its properties. In this work, the sodiated, protonated, and deprotonated glyphosate were evaluated in the gas phase by infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy to determine the exact nature of these coordination, protonation, and deprotonation states in the gas phase. In this context, Natural Bond Orbital analyses were carried out to unravel interactions that govern glyphosate (de)protonation states in the gas phase.

Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-up Study (NYC-SIGHT): Baseline Results and Costs of a Cluster-Randomized Trial.

Purpose: To describe the 15-month baseline results and costs of the Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-up Study, which aims to investigate whether innovative community-based eye health screening can improve early detection and management of glaucoma and other eye diseases among high-risk populations.

Design: Five-year prospective, cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Individuals aged 40+ years were recruited from public housing buildings in New York City for an eye health screening (visual acuity (VA) with correction, intraocular pressure measurements (IOP), and fundus photography).

A novel rat model of denture stomatitis and the role of antibiotics in the development of the disease.

This study compared different conditions to establish a rat model of denture stomatitis. Immunocompetent Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n = 35): Tetracycline = administration of 0.83 mg/ml of tetracycline hydrochloride 7 days before induction of denture stomatitis and amoxicillin = administration of 0.

Characterization, Antifungal Evaluation against spp. Strains and Application of Nystatin: β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes.

Background: Nystatin (Nys) is a fungicidal drug commonly prescribed for candidiasis disease in several administration routes. However, Nys is a class IV drug, according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System, that possesses limited bioavailability and is used for local activity.

Objective: This study developed and characterized nystatin:β-cyclodextrin (Nys:βCD) inclusion complexes and evaluated their activity against spp.

The Use of Retinal Microvascular Function and Telomere Length in Age and Blood Pressure Prediction in Individuals with Low Cardiovascular Risk.

Ageing represents a major risk factor for many pathologies that limit human lifespan, including cardiovascular diseases. Biological ageing is a good biomarker to assess early individual risk for CVD. However, finding good measurements of biological ageing is an ongoing quest.

Proposal of guidelines to assist managers to face pressing challenges confronting Latin American universities: a complexity theory perspective.

The Covid-19 pandemic exacerbated pre-existing problems in Latin America and posed unprecedented challenges for Latin American universities (LAU). These challenges can be characterised as complex problems that cannot be understood through reductionist approaches. This paper aims (i) to provide a complex system perspective of the challenges confronting LAUs and (ii) to propose guidelines for managers of LAUs to address them in practice.

Improving Visual Field Forecasting by Correcting for the Effects of Poor Visual Field Reliability.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to accurately forecast future reliable visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD) values by correcting for poor reliability.

Methods: Four linear regression techniques (standard, unfiltered, corrected, and weighted) were fit to VF data from 5939 eyes with a final reliable VF. For each eye, all VFs, except the final one, were used to fit the models.

Distinguishing Healthy From Glaucomatous Eyes With Optical Coherence Tomography Global Circumpapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Thickness in the Bottom 5th Percentile.

Prcis: Two novel, quantitative metrics, and 1 traditional metric were able to distinguish between many, but not all healthy and glaucomatous eyes in the bottom 5th percentile of global circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that objective optical coherence tomography measures can distinguish between a healthy control with global cpRNFL thickness within the lower 5% of normal and a glaucoma patient with an equivalent cpRNFL thickness.

Patients And Methods: A total of 37 healthy eyes from over 700 normative eyes fell within the bottom 5th percentile in global cpRNFL thickness.

Glaucomatous Visual Field Progression in the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES): Eleven Years of Follow-up.

Purpose: To compare the rates of visual field (VF) progression between individuals of Black and White race and to investigate whether treatment effects may help explain differences previously reported between racial groups.

Design: Multicenter prospective observational cohort study.

Methods: Participants were patients in referral tertiary care glaucoma clinics with open angle glaucoma.

Ophthalmology Medical Student Directors, Associate Residency Program Directors, and Program Directors: A Benchmarking Study of Work and Life Metrics.

 During a time of increased interest in physician well-being, this study benchmarks current work life, home life, and burnout scores for ophthalmology medical student directors (MSD), associate program directors (APD), and program directors (PD).  An anonymous cross-sectional survey was disseminated through the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) listserve, with queries regarding leadership positions, work time allotment, extracurricular activities, family life, and burnout. Answers were analyzed descriptively through Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Poisson regression models.

Experimental animal models for denture stomatitis: A methodological review.

Denture stomatitis is the most prevalent form of oral candidiasis and the most frequent oral lesion in removable prosthesis wearers. It is characterized by an inflammatory response of the denture-bearing mucosa, especially the palatal mucosa, and its clinical signs include chronic edema and erythema, and papillary hyperplasia. Despite having a multifactorial etiology, its main etiological agent is the infection by .

Is there an optimal method to detach biofilm from dental materials?

can produce a complex, dynamic and resistant biofilm on the surface of dental materials, especially denture base acrylic resins and temporary soft liners. This biofilm is the main aetiological factor for denture stomatitis, an oral inflammatory condition characterized by chronic and diffuse erythema and oedema of the denture bearing mucosa. There is no consensus in the literature regarding the best method to detach biofilms from dental materials.