Associations between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormone levels, major depression features and antidepressant effects of ketamine.

Background: Subanesthetic doses of (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) have demonstrated rapid and robust antidepressant effects in individuals with depression. However, individual variability in response to ketamine exists, and current biomarkers of ketamine treatment response are not entirely understood. Preclinical evidence suggests a link between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, a determinant of the stress response system, and ketamine's efficacy in stressed mice exhibiting enhanced antidepressant responses.

The G1/S transition in mammalian stem cells is autonomously regulated by cell size.

Cell growth and division must be coordinated to maintain a stable cell size, but how this coordination is implemented in multicellular tissues remains unclear. In unicellular eukaryotes, autonomous cell size control mechanisms couple cell growth and division with little extracellular input. However, in multicellular tissues we do not know if autonomous cell size control mechanisms operate the same way or whether cell growth and cell cycle progression are separately controlled by cell-extrinsic signals.

Open-top multisample dual-view light-sheet microscope for live imaging of large multicellular systems.

Multicellular systems grow over the course of weeks from single cells to tissues or even full organisms, making live imaging challenging. To bridge spatiotemporal scales, we present an open-top dual-view and dual-illumination light-sheet microscope dedicated to live imaging of large specimens at single-cell resolution. The configuration of objectives together with a customizable multiwell mounting system combines dual view with high-throughput multiposition imaging.

Metabolomic biomarkers for (R, S)-ketamine and (S)-ketamine in treatment-resistant depression and healthy controls: A systematic review.

Background: Ketamine is increasingly used for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) while its mechanism of action is still being investigated. In this systematic review, we appraise the current evidence of metabolomic biomarkers for racemic ketamine and esketamine in patients with TRD and healthy controls (HCs).

Methods: A comprehensive search of several databases (Ovid MEDLINE®, Embase, and Epub Ahead of Print) was performed from each database's inception to June 29, 2022, in any language, was conducted.

Brain-based correlates of antidepressant response to ketamine: a comprehensive systematic review of neuroimaging studies.

Ketamine is an effective antidepressant, but there is substantial variability in patient response and the precise mechanism of action is unclear. Neuroimaging can provide predictive and mechanistic insights, but findings are limited by small sample sizes. This systematic review covers neuroimaging studies investigating baseline (pre-treatment) and longitudinal (post-treatment) biomarkers of responses to ketamine.

OME-Zarr: a cloud-optimized bioimaging file format with international community support.

A growing community is constructing a next-generation file format (NGFF) for bioimaging to overcome problems of scalability and heterogeneity. Organized by the Open Microscopy Environment (OME), individuals and institutes across diverse modalities facing these problems have designed a format specification process (OME-NGFF) to address these needs. This paper brings together a wide range of those community members to describe the cloud-optimized format itself-OME-Zarr-along with tools and data resources available today to increase FAIR access and remove barriers in the scientific process.

OME-Zarr: a cloud-optimized bioimaging file format with international community support.

A growing community is constructing a next-generation file format (NGFF) for bioimaging to overcome problems of scalability and heterogeneity. Organized by the Open Microscopy Environment (OME), individuals and institutes across diverse modalities facing these problems have designed a format specification process (OME-NGFF) to address these needs. This paper brings together a wide range of those community members to describe the cloud-optimized format itself -- OME-Zarr -- along with tools and data resources available today to increase FAIR access and remove barriers in the scientific process.

κ-Opioid Receptor Plasma Levels Are Associated With Sex and Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder But Not Response to Ketamine.

Background: Preclinical evidence indicates that the κ-opioid receptor (KOR)/dynorphin pathway is implicated in depressive-like behaviors. Ketamine is believed to partly exert its antidepressant effects by modulating the opioid system. This post hoc study examined the following research questions: (1) at baseline, were there differences in KOR or dynorphin plasma levels between individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy volunteers (HVs) or between men and women? (2) in individuals with MDD, did KOR or dynorphin baseline plasma levels moderate ketamine's therapeutic effects or adverse effects? and (3) in individuals with MDD, were KOR or dynorphin plasma levels affected after treatment with ketamine compared with placebo?

Methods: Thirty-nine unmedicated individuals with MDD (23 women) and 25 HVs (16 women) received intravenous ketamine (0.

Multiscale light-sheet organoid imaging framework.

Organoids provide an accessible in vitro system to mimic the dynamics of tissue regeneration and development. However, long-term live-imaging of organoids remains challenging. Here we present an experimental and image-processing framework capable of turning long-term light-sheet imaging of intestinal organoids into digital organoids.

Blood-based biomarkers of antidepressant response to ketamine and esketamine: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

(R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) and its enantiomer (S)-ketamine (esketamine) can produce rapid and substantial antidepressant effects. However, individual response to ketamine/esketamine is variable, and there are no well-accepted methods to differentiate persons who are more likely to benefit. Numerous potential peripheral biomarkers have been reported, but their current utility is unclear.

Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology consensus on fertility-sparing surgery for cervical cancer.

Objective: Several controversies remain on conservative management of cervical cancer. Our aim was to develop a consensus recommendation on important and novel topics of fertility-sparing treatment of cervical cancer.

Methods: The consensus was sponsored by the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO) from March 2020 to September 2020 and included a multidisciplinary team of 55 specialists.

Liver Colonization by Colorectal Cancer Metastases Requires YAP-Controlled Plasticity at the Micrometastatic Stage.

Unlabelled: Micrometastases of colorectal cancer can remain dormant for years prior to the formation of actively growing, clinically detectable lesions (i.e., colonization).

Neuroimaging Correlates of Depression after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

Depression is the most frequent neuropsychiatric complication after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is associated with poorer outcomes. Neuroimaging has the potential to improve our understanding of the neural correlates of depression after TBI and may improve our capacity to accurately predict and effectively treat this condition. We conducted a systematic review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies that examined the association between depression after TBI and neuroimaging measures.

Impact of childhood maltreatment on outcomes of antidepressant medication in chronic and/or recurrent depression.

Background: While childhood maltreatment (CMT) is associated with higher rates of chronicity and recurrence in depression, whether CMT results in poorer outcomes with antidepressant medication remains unclear.

Methods: We performed secondary analyses with data from the large, representative, multisite trial Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes (CO-MED). CO-MED was a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study with 665 individuals (663 assessed for CMT) with chronic and/or recurrent Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

Childhood maltreatment and impact on clinical features of major depression in adults.

Objectives: This study examined: 1) the prevalence of childhood maltreatment (CMT) in individuals with chronic and/or recurrent depression, 2) the association between CMT and depressive symptoms, 3) the link between CMT and worse clinical presentation of depression, 4) the effects of accumulation of different types of CMT, and 5) the relationship between the age at CMT and depression.

Methods: We analyzed the baseline data of 663 individuals from the CO-MED study. CMT was determined by a brief self-reported questionnaire assessing sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical abuse, and neglect.

Post-stroke depression: A 2020 updated review.

Background: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is common and associated with higher mortality, poorer recovery, more pronounced cognitive deficits, and lower quality of life than is stroke without depression. This manuscript will conduct an updated, comprehensive and clinically-useful review of the risk factors, pathophysiology, assessment, prevention, and treatment of PSD.

Methods: This narrative review summarizes articles obtained on PubMed, Medline, EMBase, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Database.

Depressive Disorders in HIV/AIDS: A Clinically Focused Narrative Review.

After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Assess strategies for diagnosing depressive disorders in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)• Identify factors that contribute to the development of depressive disorders in HIV/AIDS• Evaluate strategies for managing depressive disorders in HIV/AIDS ABSTRACT: Depressive disorders and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are associated with major socioeconomic burdens. The negative impact of depressive disorders on HIV/AIDS is well known, including on treatment outcomes. Unfortunately, depressive disorders are underdiagnosed and undertreated in seropositive persons.

Cell and tissue manipulation with ultrashort infrared laser pulses in light-sheet microscopy.

Three-dimensional live imaging has become an indispensable technique in the fields of cell, developmental and neural biology. Precise spatio-temporal manipulation of biological entities is often required for a deeper functional understanding of the underlying biological process. Here we present a home-built integrated framework and optical design that combines three-dimensional light-sheet imaging over time with precise spatio-temporal optical manipulations induced by short infrared laser pulses.

Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Oncologic Surgery for pelvic exenteration in the treatment of cervical cancer.

Background And Objectives: The primary treatment for locally advanced cases of cervical cancer is chemoradiation followed by high-dose brachytherapy. When this treatment fails, pelvic exenteration (PE) is an option in some cases. This study aimed to develop recommendations for the best management of patients with cervical cancer undergoing salvage PE.

Instantaneous isotropic volumetric imaging of fast biological processes.

To capture highly dynamic biological processes at cellular resolution is a recurring challenge in biology. Here we show that combining selective-volume illumination with simultaneous acquisition of orthogonal light fields yields three-dimensional images with high, isotropic spatial resolution and a significant reduction of reconstruction artefacts, thereby overcoming current limitations of light-field microscopy implementations. We demonstrate medaka heart and blood flow imaging at single-cell resolution and free of motion artefacts at volume rates of up to 200 Hz.