The parabasal filaments of : A new filament and observations using 0.8 nm-resolution scanning electron microscopy.

is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide, with an estimated 260 million new cases annually. contains organelles common to all eukaryotic cells, uncommon cell structures such as hydrogenosomes, and a complex and elaborate cytoskeleton constituting the mastigont system. The mastigont system is mainly formed by several proteinaceous structures associated with basal bodies, the pelta-axostylar complex made of microtubules, and striated filaments named the costa and the parabasal filaments (PFs).

In-vitro effect of a single application of CPP-ACP pastes and different fluoridated solutions on the prevention of dental caries around orthodontic brackets.

Objective: To assess the in-vitro effect of single applications of CPP-ACP pastes and different fluoridated solutions on the prevention of dental caries around orthodontic brackets.

Material And Methods: Tooth/bracket sets (n=65) were immersed in artificial saliva (1h at 37ºC) and randomly subjected to single applications (100µL; 1min) of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP emulsion), CPP-ACP with fluoride (CPP-ACPF emulsion), solutions of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) or sodium fluoride (NaF), or no treatment (CG). Multispecies biofilm (5 x 105 CFU/mL) was formed in the presence of 2% sucrose.

Implications of Flagellar Attachment Zone Proteins TcGP72 and TcFLA-1BP in Morphology, Proliferation, and Intracellular Dynamics in .

The highly adaptable parasite undergoes complex developmental stages to exploit host organisms effectively. Each stage involves the expression of specific proteins and precise intracellular structural organization. These morphological changes depend on key structures that control intracellular components' growth and redistribution.

Toxicological effects of hydroxychloroquine sulfate and chloroquine diphosphate substances on the early-life stages of fish in the COVID-19 pandemic context.

Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) and chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) have been used at increased rates to treat COVID-19 but can constitute a potential environmental risk. The objective was to evaluate the toxicity of sublethal concentrations of HCQ and CQ in zebrafish embryos/larvae. The 50% lethal concentrations (LC) of HCQ and CQ at 96 h post-fertilization (hpf) were calculated by testing various concentrations on 2,160 embryos.

Strategies to increase HIV testing among men who have sex with men and transgender women: an integrative review.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) are disproportionately affected by HIV, with much higher incidence and prevalence rates than in the general population in different countries. There are several barriers to testing among MSM and TGW, such as low risk perception, anticipation of HIV-related stigma, discrimination of sexual orientation, in addition to difficulties related to care and access to health services. Therefore, analyzing the available evidence of the effectiveness of strategies for scaling up HIV testing among key populations is essential to point out potential knowledge gaps which may need to be addressed and develop public health policies to promote testing and early diagnosis of HIV infection.

Synchronous Teleconsultation and Monitoring Service Targeting COVID-19: Leveraging Insights for Postpandemic Health Care.

Background: Although a great number of teleconsultation services have been developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, studies assessing usability and health care provider satisfaction are still incipient.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the development, implementation, and expansion of a synchronous teleconsultation service targeting patients with symptoms of COVID-19 in Brazil, as well as to assess its usability and health care professionals' satisfaction.

Methods: This mixed methods study was developed in 5 phases: (1) the identification of components, technical and functional requirements, and system architecture; (2) system and user interface development and validation; (3) pilot-testing in the city of Divinópolis; (4) expansion in the cities of Divinópolis, Teófilo Otoni, and Belo Horizonte for Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais faculty and students; and (5) usability and satisfaction assessment, using Likert-scale and open-ended questions.

Children wearing face masks to prevent communicable diseases: scoping review.

Objective: To identify and synthesize scientific evidence that the use of face protection masks by children, in the community and at home, is a way of preventing communicable diseases.

Data Source: A scoping review was made using the Joana Briggs Institute method and PRISMA-ScR. A research was carried out in five electronic databases, at the Cochrane Library and on seven websites of governmental and non-governmental institutions.

Global assessment of coralline algae mineralogy points to high vulnerability of Southwestern Atlantic reefs and rhodolith beds to ocean acidification.

Coralline algae constitute one of the main groups of highly vulnerable calcified benthic organisms to ocean acidification. Although damaging effects of seawater acidification on the coralline algae skeleton have been widely demonstrated, the susceptibility to dissolution varies according to the Mg in the calcite lattice. Even though the Southwest Atlantic Ocean exhibits the world's largest rhodolith beds, which occupies 20,902 km, there is no information regarding the coralline algae species mineralogy in this area.

Perception of discrimination due to sexual orientation and associated factors among men who have sex with men in 12 Brazilian cities.

Discrimination due to sexual orientation (DDSO) has an important association with health outcomes among men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aimed to analyze factors associated with DDSO among MSM in 12 Brazilian cities. This is a cross-sectional study with 4,176 MSM participants recruited in 2016 which used a respondent-driven sampling method in 12 Brazilian cities.

Metabolic comorbidities and systemic arterial hypertension: the challenge faced by HIV patients on long-term use of antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: Our objective was to estimate the frequency of comorbidities and assess its relationship with exposure factors after long-term ART use.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with PLHIV (≥18 years-old), who initiated ART between 2001 and 2005 and attended an HIV/AIDS public referral center (Belo Horizonte/Brazil), was performed. Demographic, clinical, therapeutic, and lifestyle data were obtained through interviews, medical charts, public database, routine laboratory examinations, and bone densitometry.

Responses of marine zooplankton indicators after five years of a dam rupture in the Doce River, Southeastern Brazil.

Since November of 2015, when ore tailings from a dam rupture reached the Atlantic Ocean, researchers are trying to assess the degree of impact across the Doce River and adjacent coastal area. This study aims to use the zooplankton dynamics as a tool to evaluate the environmental impact in the coastal region, five years after the rupture, during periods of low and high river flow. Doce River flow varied from 49 to 5179 m/s and structured the zooplankton community between periods of low and high river flow, but salinity and chlorophyll-a had stronger correlation with depth (r = 0.

An integrated study of the plankton community after four years of Fundão dam disaster.

Mining activities can affect the environment either by the tailings releasing or dams failures. The impact of the tailings can last decades and cause chronic effects due to their toxicity. The Fundão dam collapse, a relevant environmental disaster, occurred in November 2015 in Southeastern Brazil.

Effect of different home-bleaching techniques for a regular or an extended time on enamel properties.

Context: The side effects of bleaching products are still incompletely known.

Aims: This work aims to evaluate the effects of bleaching regimens on colour variation, microstructure, roughness, composition and nanohardness of human dental enamel until 8 weeks.

Settings And Design: : Twenty teeth were cross-sectioned to obtain eighty enamel fragments (50 × 50 mm) divided into four groups: CN (control Negative-artificial saliva), CP10 (10% carbamide peroxide), HP10 (10% hydrogen peroxide), and WS (whitening strips-10% hydrogen peroxide).

Acceptability of HIV self-testing is low among men who have sex with men who have not tested for HIV: a study with respondent-driven sampling in Brazil.

Background: Brazil has many people living with HIV (PLWH) who are unaware of their serostatus. The public health system has recently added HIV self-testing (HIVST) for key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). This study estimates HIVST acceptability among Brazilian MSM and explores factors associated with acceptability among MSM who have never tested for HIV or who had a previous negative result.

Tissue-engineered human embryonic stem cell-containing cardiac patches: evaluating recellularization of decellularized matrix.

Decellularized cardiac extracellular matrix scaffolds with preserved composition and architecture can be used in tissue engineering to reproduce the complex cardiac extracellular matrix. However, evaluating the extent of cardiomyocyte repopulation of decellularized cardiac extracellular matrix scaffolds after recellularization attempts is challenging. Here, we describe a unique combination of biochemical, biomechanical, histological, and physiological parameters for quantifying recellularization efficiency of tissue-engineered cardiac patches compared with native cardiac tissue.

The use of a new calcium mesoporous silica nanoparticle versus calcium and/or fluoride products in reducing the progression of dental erosion.

Objective There is increasingly common the consumption more times a day of foods and acidic drinks in the diet of the population. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of a calcium mesoporous silica nanoparticle single application of other calcium and/or fluoride products in reducing the progression of dental erosion. Methodology Half of the eroded area was covered of 60 blocks of enamel, after which the block was submitted to the following treatments: (Ca2+-MSN), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP); CPP-ACP/F-(900 ppm F-); titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4 1%) (positive control); sodium fluoride (NaF 1.

Osteopenia and osteoporosis among treatment-experienced people living with HIV.

Introduction: Life expectancy of people living with human immunodeficiency (PLHIV) has increased mainly due to the accessibility and effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, adverse effects from long-term use of antiretrovirals, and the physiological changes associated with aging, may compromise the quality of life of PLHIV, in addition to causing new demands on the healthcare system.

Objectives: Estimate the frequency of osteoporosis and osteopenia in patients on prolonged ART and to verify their associated factors.

Marine zooplankton dynamics after a major mining dam rupture in the Doce River, southeastern Brazil: Rapid response to a changing environment.

Zooplankton were sampled five days after the tailings from the Samarco dam rupture reached the ocean in the coastal region at the mouth of the Doce River. This was one of the largest environmental disasters in Brazilian history, and the impacts on the marine biota are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the zooplankton community short term responses to the metal enrichment after the tailings reached the coastal region in different scenarios.

Occurrence of Caligus asperimanus Pearse, 1951 (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasitic Lutjanus spp. (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) in the western South Atlantic.

Sea lice are widespread copepods in marine teleost around the world. In this paper the first record of Caligus asperimanus Pearse, 1951 in the Western South Atlantic is documented parasitizing Lutjanus jocu and Lutjanus vivanus caught from coastal zones of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro State, respectively.

Morphological and chemical effects of in-office and at-home desensitising agents containing sodium fluoride on eroded root dentin.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and chemical effect of in-office and at-home desensitising agents containing sodium fluoride (NaF) on eroded root dentine in vitro.

Methods: Fifty bovine dentine samples were pre-eroded and randomised into five groups (n = 10): G1 (Control) - milli-Q water; G2 - fluoride varnish containing NaF 22,500 ppm; G3 - desensitising cream containing NaF 9,000 ppm associated with 20% nanohydroxyapatite; G4 - toothpaste with NaF 5,000 ppm associated to tricalcium phosphate; G5 - toothpaste containing NaF 900 ppm and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF). The specimens were submitted to erosive challenge for three days.

Discrimination based on sexual orientation against MSM in Brazil: a latent class analysis.

Introduction: Discrimination based on sexual orientation can influence vulnerability to HIV, increasing exposure to risky sexual behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM).

Objectives: To analyze data using latent class analysis (LCA) to identify groups of individuals with specific patterns of discrimination based on sexual orientation (DSO).

Methods: Cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling in 12 Brazilian cities in 2016.

Micro-shear bond strength of composite resin to glass ionomer cement using an alternative method to build up test specimens.

Context: Despite the relevance of the sandwich technique, there are still doubts about the best adhesive strategy and surface treatment for glass ionomer cements (GICs).

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the best surface treatment for GIC to ensure an effective and durable adhesion to resin, through micro-shear test, using an alternative method to build up test specimens.

Subjects And Methods: Eighty GIC samples were divided into eight groups (n = 10) according to five surface treatments (none, etching, air drying, grinding, and grinding plus etching) and according to the adhesive system (conventional or self-etch).

Enamel sample preparation for AFM: Influence on roughness and morphology.

Human dental enamel is organized by prisms that are structured between 3 and 6 µm in diameter. Determining the relationships between different treatments on the surface of enamel using ultrastructural analysis is the purpose of many in vitro experiments. Different sample pretreatments have been reported in the literature.