Surface antibody changes protein corona both in human and mouse serum but not final opsonization and elimination of targeted polymeric nanoparticles.

Background: Nanoparticles represent one of the most important innovations in the medical field. Among nanocarriers, polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) attracted much attention due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and capacity to increase efficacy and safety of encapsulated drugs. Another important improvement in the use of nanoparticles as delivery systems is the conjugation of a targeting agent that enables the nanoparticles to accumulate in a specific tissue.

Glucosamine/L-lactide copolymers as potential carriers for the development of a sustained rifampicin release system using as a tuberculosis model.

The present study aims at developing a new, ultrafine particle-based efficient antibiotic delivery system for the treatment of tuberculosis. The carrier material to make the rifampicin (RIF)-loaded particles is a low molecular weight star-shaped polymer produced from glucosamine (core building unit) and L-lactide (GluN-LLA). Particles were made via electrohydrodynamic atomization.

Temozolomide Treatment Induces lncRNA MALAT1 in an NF-κB and p53 Codependent Manner in Glioblastoma.

Alkylating chemotherapy is a central component of the management of glioblastoma (GBM). Among the factors that regulate the response to alkylation damage, NF-κB acts to both promote and block cytotoxicity. In this study, we used genome-wide expression analysis in U87 GBM to identify NF-κB-dependent factors altered in response to temozolomide and found the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MALAT1 as one of the most significantly upregulated.

Fluid administration rate for uncontrolled intraabdominal hemorrhage in swine.

Background: We hypothesized that slow crystalloid resuscitation would result in less blood loss and a smaller hemoglobin decrease compared to a rapid resuscitation during uncontrolled hemorrhage.

Methods: Anesthetized, splenectomized domestic swine underwent hepatic lobar hemitransection. Lactated Ringers was given at 150 or 20 mL/min IV (rapid vs.

Preparation and characterization of functionalized heparin-loaded poly-Ɛ-caprolactone fibrous mats to prevent infection with human papillomaviruses.

In this study, heparin-loaded poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) fibrous mats were prepared and characterized based on their physical, cytotoxic, thermal, and biological properties. The main objective of the work described here was to test the hypothesis that incorporation of heparin into a PCL carrier could serve as bio-compatible material capable of inhibiting Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The idea of firmly anchoring heparin to capture soluble virus, vs.

Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Polymeric Nanoparticles Encapsulating Chemotherapy in Canines with Spontaneous Supratentorial Tumors.

Background: Despite aggressive multimodal treatment, survival for patients with glioblastoma remains dismal. One obstacle to improving patient outcomes is the difficulty in delivering adequate therapeutic to the central nervous system due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Although direct drug infusion by convection-enhanced delivery (CED) can bypass the blood-brain barrier and facilitate delivery to intracranial tumors, determining the distribution of delivered therapeutic remains problematic.

Decoy Receptor DcR1 Is Induced in a p50/Bcl3-Dependent Manner and Attenuates the Efficacy of Temozolomide.

Temozolomide is used widely to treat malignant glioma, but the overall response to this agent is generally poor. Resistance to DNA-damaging drugs such as temozolomide has been related to the induction of antiapoptotic proteins. Specifically, the transcription factor NF-κB has been suggested to participate in promoting the survival of cells exposed to chemotherapy.

Development of a fatal noncompressible truncal hemorrhage model with combined hepatic and portal venous injury in normothermic normovolemic swine.

Noncompressible truncal hemorrhage and brain injury currently account for most early mortality of warfighters on the battlefield. There is no effective treatment for noncompressible truncal hemorrhage, other than rapid evacuation to a surgical facility. The availability of an effective field treatment for noncompressible truncal hemorrhage could increase the number of warfighters salvaged from this frequently-lethal scenario.

New potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of B-Cell malignancies using chlorambucil/hydroxychloroquine-loaded anti-CD20 nanoparticles.

Current B-cell disorder treatments take advantage of dose-intensive chemotherapy regimens and immunotherapy via use of monoclonal antibodies. Unfortunately, they may lead to insufficient tumor distribution of therapeutic agents, and often cause adverse effects on patients. In this contribution, we propose a novel therapeutic approach in which relatively high doses of Hydroxychloroquine and Chlorambucil were loaded into biodegradable nanoparticles coated with an anti-CD20 antibody.

Convection-enhanced delivery and in vivo imaging of polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of malignant glioma.

Unlabelled: A major obstacle to the management of malignant glioma is the inability to effectively deliver therapeutic agent to the tumor. In this study, we describe a polymeric nanoparticle vector that not only delivers viable therapeutic, but can also be tracked in vivo using MRI. Nanoparticles, produced by a non-emulsion technique, were fabricated to carry iron oxide within the shell and the chemotherapeutic agent, temozolomide (TMZ), as the payload.

Could metabolic syndrome, lipodystrophy, and aging be mesenchymal stem cell exhaustion syndromes?

One of the most important and complex diseases of modern society is metabolic syndrome. This syndrome has not been completely understood, and therefore an effective treatment is not available yet. We propose a possible stem cell mechanism involved in the development of metabolic syndrome.

Effect of fiber diameter on the spreading, proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes on electrospun chitosan matrices.

Tissue-engineered neocartilage with appropriate biomechanical properties holds promise not only for graft applications but also as a model system for controlled studies of chondrogenesis. Our objective in the present research study is to better understand the impact of fiber diameter on the cellular activity of chondrocytes cultured on nanofibrous matrices. By using the electrospinning process, fibrous scaffolds with fiber diameters ranging from 300 nm to 1 μm were prepared and the physicomechanical properties of the scaffolds were characterized.

Exploratory study on the effects of biodegradable nanoparticles with drugs on malignant B cells and on a human/mouse model of Burkitt lymphoma.

The aim of this study was to determine if Rituximab coated Biodegradable Nanoparticles (BNPs) loaded with Chlorambucil and Hydroxychloroquine could induce apoptosis of B-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-CLL), MEC-1 and BJAB cells in vitro and evaluate their toxic and therapeutic effects on a Human/Mouse Model of Burkitt Lymphoma at an exploratory, proof of concept scale. We found that Rituximab-Chlorambucil-Hydroxychloroquine BNPs induce a decrease in cell viability of malignant B cells in a dose-dependent manner. The mediated cytotoxicity resulted from apoptosis, and was confirmed by monitoring the B-CLL cells after Annexin V/propidium iodide staining.

Electrospun cross-linked gelatin fibers with controlled diameter: the effect of matrix stiffness on proliferative and biosynthetic activity of chondrocytes cultured in vitro.

Nanofibrous scaffolds were prepared from gelatin solutions and were further cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA). The fiber diameter was varied from 100 to 1000 nm by controlling the applied voltage (4-15 kV) and the concentration of the gelatin solution (4-15%). The tensile moduli and the tensile strength of the noncross-linked scaffolds varied from 20 to 120 MPa and 0.

Biocompatible and biodegradable ultrafine fibrillar scaffold materials for tissue engineering by facile grafting of L-lactide onto chitosan.

A chitosan derivative was prepared with good yields using a "one pot" approach by grafting L-lactide oligomers via ring opening polymerization. Side chains are primarily attached to hydroxyl groups located on carbons 3 and 6 of the glucosamine ring, while the amine group remains nonfunctionalized. By increasing the L-lactide to chitosan ratio, side chain length is controlled.

A study of cyclohexane diffusion in hybrid (organic/inorganic) gels monitored by an oscillating balance reactor.

Hybrid (organic/inorganic) gels are studied in terms of cyclohexane diffusion transients with an oscillating balance reactor (OBR) which, unlike conventional microbalances, has the well-defined gas flow profile characteristics of packed beds (PB's). The OBR-based flow-through adsorption system, when properly designed, has very good time resolution and is particularly useful in modeling adsorption processes under more realistic PB geometries. With the test sample adopted in this study, the "semirigid" nature of hybrid gels becomes apparent when simple relaxation models are chosen to fit experimental data.

Preparation and evaluation of the electrospun chitosan/PEO fibers for potential applications in cartilage tissue engineering.

Fibrous materials have morphological similarities to natural cartilage extracellular matrix and have been considered as candidate for bone tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, we have evaluated a novel electrospun chitosan mat composed of oriented sub-micron fibers for its tensile property and biocompatibility with chondrocytes (cell attachment, proliferation and viability). Scanning electronic microscope images showed the fibers in the electrospun chitosan mats were indeed aligned and there was a slight cross-linking between the parent fibers.

Synthesis and evaluation of scaffolds prepared from chitosan fibers for potential use in cartilage tissue engineering.

Tissue engineering concepts and methodologies that employ biocompatible matrices or scaffolds have the potential to meet needs encountered in the repair of defects in articular cartilage. A desirable design parameter in the tissue engineering of cartilage in vitro is the development of seeded scaffolds with appropriate structure, composition, mechanical properties and durability that are similar to normal articular cartilage. Previous methods that have used freeze drying and lyophilization techniques to make foams and hydrogels have not met the scaffold characteristics (porosity, compressive elastic modulus, permeability and viscoelastic properties), which are required of scaffolds slated for use in cartilage tissue engineering applications.

Electrically forced coaxial nanojets for one-step hollow nanofiber design.

The outer liquid of a two-liquid coaxial electrified jet is gelled before the onset of natural instabilities to yield hollow nanofibers. By using sol-gel chemistry, innocuous solvents such as glycerol and olive oil, and electrohydrodynamics, it is possible to make such structures in a rather straightforward manner.

A method for making inorganic and hybrid (organic/inorganic) fibers and vesicles with diameters in the submicrometer and micrometer range via sol-gel chemistry and electrically forced liquid jets.

Electrically driven liquid jets are combined with sol-gel methods to design vesicles and fibers made from inorganic oxides and hybrid materials with diameters in the micrometer and submicrometer range. The proposed materials synthesis method benefits greatly from the maturity of sol-gel chemistry and the generalities of a structure-directing phenomenon that is physical in nature.