Racial Differences in Diagnostic Accuracy of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in eyes of African (AD) and European descent (ED).

Design: Comparative diagnostic accuracy analysis by race.

Participants: 379 healthy eyes (125 AD and 254 ED) and 442 glaucomatous eyes (226 AD and 216 ED) from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study.

One Health Approach to Toxoplasmosis: Owner and Dog Seropositivity as Spatial Indicators of Risk Areas for Acquired, Gestational and Congenital Transmission.

Background: Toxoplasmosis has been of public health concern due to direct associations with socioeconomic vulnerability and inadequate living conditions.

Methods: Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess antibodies against , historical reported toxoplasmosis cases and associated socio-environmental risk factors in Pinhais, a full urban area of Curitiba, currently the eighth biggest metropolitan area of Brazil. Anti- antibodies were assessed by an indirect immunofluorescence reaction (RIFI).

Racial Differences in Diagnostic Accuracy of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in eyes of African (AD) and European descent (ED).

Design: Comparative diagnostic accuracy analysis by race.

Participants: 379 healthy eyes (125 AD and 254 ED) and 442 glaucomatous eyes (226 AD and 216 ED) from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study.

Deep Learning Identifies High-Quality Fundus Photographs and Increases Accuracy in Automated Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Detection.

Purpose: To develop and evaluate a deep learning (DL) model to assess fundus photograph quality, and quantitatively measure its impact on automated POAG detection in independent study populations.

Methods: Image quality ground truth was determined by manual review of 2815 fundus photographs of healthy and POAG eyes from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (DIGS/ADAGES), as well as 11,350 from the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS). Human experts assessed a photograph as high quality if of sufficient quality to determine POAG status and poor quality if not.

Calcium Channel Blocker Use and Associated Glaucoma and Related Traits Among UK Biobank Participants.

Importance: Calcium channel blocker (CCB) use has been associated with an increased risk of glaucoma in exploratory studies.

Objective: To examine the association of systemic CCB use with glaucoma and related traits among UK Biobank participants.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cross-sectional study included UK Biobank participants with complete data (2006-2010) for analysis of glaucoma status, intraocular pressure (IOP), and optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived inner retinal layer thicknesses.

What is the Optimal Frequency of Visual Field Testing to Detect Rapid Progression Among Hypertensive Eyes?

Prcis: We evaluated 16,351 visual field (VF) tests from Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) database and showed that more frequent testing resulted in a shorter time to detect glaucoma progression, with the best trade-off being the 6-month intervals for high-risk and 12 months for low-risk patients.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of different testing intervals on time to detect visual field progression in eyes with ocular hypertension.

Methods: A total of 16,351 reliable 30-2 VF tests from 1575 eyes of the OHTS-1 observation arm with a mean (95% CI) follow-up of 4.

Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-up Study (NYC-SIGHT): Baseline Results and Costs of a Cluster-Randomized Trial.

Purpose: To describe the 15-month baseline results and costs of the Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-up Study, which aims to investigate whether innovative community-based eye health screening can improve early detection and management of glaucoma and other eye diseases among high-risk populations.

Design: Five-year prospective, cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Individuals aged 40+ years were recruited from public housing buildings in New York City for an eye health screening (visual acuity (VA) with correction, intraocular pressure measurements (IOP), and fundus photography).

The Use of Retinal Microvascular Function and Telomere Length in Age and Blood Pressure Prediction in Individuals with Low Cardiovascular Risk.

Ageing represents a major risk factor for many pathologies that limit human lifespan, including cardiovascular diseases. Biological ageing is a good biomarker to assess early individual risk for CVD. However, finding good measurements of biological ageing is an ongoing quest.

Improving Visual Field Forecasting by Correcting for the Effects of Poor Visual Field Reliability.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to accurately forecast future reliable visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD) values by correcting for poor reliability.

Methods: Four linear regression techniques (standard, unfiltered, corrected, and weighted) were fit to VF data from 5939 eyes with a final reliable VF. For each eye, all VFs, except the final one, were used to fit the models.

Distinguishing Healthy From Glaucomatous Eyes With Optical Coherence Tomography Global Circumpapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Thickness in the Bottom 5th Percentile.

Prcis: Two novel, quantitative metrics, and 1 traditional metric were able to distinguish between many, but not all healthy and glaucomatous eyes in the bottom 5th percentile of global circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that objective optical coherence tomography measures can distinguish between a healthy control with global cpRNFL thickness within the lower 5% of normal and a glaucoma patient with an equivalent cpRNFL thickness.

Patients And Methods: A total of 37 healthy eyes from over 700 normative eyes fell within the bottom 5th percentile in global cpRNFL thickness.

Open-Angle Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy Is Related to Dips Rather Than Increases in the Mean Arterial Pressure Over 24-H.

Background: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) drives ocular perfusion. Excessive 24-h MAP variability relates to glaucoma, however, whether this is due to dips or increases in the blood pressure (BP) is undocumented. We investigated the association of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in relation to the 5 largest MAP dips/increases over 24-h, henceforth called dips/blips.

Glaucomatous Visual Field Progression in the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES): Eleven Years of Follow-up.

Purpose: To compare the rates of visual field (VF) progression between individuals of Black and White race and to investigate whether treatment effects may help explain differences previously reported between racial groups.

Design: Multicenter prospective observational cohort study.

Methods: Participants were patients in referral tertiary care glaucoma clinics with open angle glaucoma.

Ophthalmology Medical Student Directors, Associate Residency Program Directors, and Program Directors: A Benchmarking Study of Work and Life Metrics.

 During a time of increased interest in physician well-being, this study benchmarks current work life, home life, and burnout scores for ophthalmology medical student directors (MSD), associate program directors (APD), and program directors (PD).  An anonymous cross-sectional survey was disseminated through the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) listserve, with queries regarding leadership positions, work time allotment, extracurricular activities, family life, and burnout. Answers were analyzed descriptively through Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Poisson regression models.

Normal-tension glaucomatous optic neuropathy is related to blood pressure variability in the Maracaibo Aging Study.

Hypoperfusion of the optic nerve might be involved in the pathogenesis of normal-tension glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) drives ocular perfusion, but no previous studies have addressed the risk of GON in relation to blood pressure (BP) variability, independent of BP level. In a cross-sectional study, 93 residents of Maracaibo, Venezuela, underwent optical coherence tomography, visual field assessments and 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring between 2011 and 2016.

Survival analysis of recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the lower oral cavity treated by surgery.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the survival of individuals with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower oral cavity who underwent surgical treatment and experienced recurrence, considering the site of the recurrent disease. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted, comparing the survival rates of patients with and without recurrence and considering the site of recurrence (local, regional, distant). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS and a -value ≤ 0.

Development and Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms to Determine Visual Field Progression.

Purpose: To develop and test machine learning classifiers (MLCs) for determining visual field progression.

Methods: In total, 90,713 visual fields from 13,156 eyes were included. Six different progression algorithms (linear regression of mean deviation, linear regression of the visual field index, Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study algorithm, Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study algorithm, pointwise linear regression [PLR], and permutation of PLR) were applied to classify each eye as progressing or stable.

Glaucoma Publication Trends in Leading General Ophthalmology Journals During the Past Quarter Century: Where Are the Clinical Trials?

Prcis: During the past quarter century, the rate of glaucoma-related publication in general ophthalmology journals increased due to higher representation in "experimentally oriented" journals. The rate of glaucoma randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) articles decreased during the same time period.

Purpose: To evaluate trends in rate of glaucoma publications in leading general ophthalmology journals over the past quarter century.

Deep Learning Estimation of 10-2 and 24-2 Visual Field Metrics Based on Thickness Maps from Macula OCT.

Purpose: To develop deep learning (DL) systems estimating visual function from macula-centered spectral-domain (SD) OCT images.

Design: Evaluation of a diagnostic technology.

Participants: A total of 2408 10-2 visual field (VF) SD OCT pairs and 2999 24-2 VF SD OCT pairs collected from 645 healthy and glaucoma subjects (1222 eyes).

Predicting eyes at risk for rapid glaucoma progression based on an initial visual field test using machine learning.

Objective: To assess whether machine learning algorithms (MLA) can predict eyes that will undergo rapid glaucoma progression based on an initial visual field (VF) test.

Design: Retrospective analysis of longitudinal data.

Subjects: 175,786 VFs (22,925 initial VFs) from 14,217 patients who completed ≥5 reliable VFs at academic glaucoma centers were included.

Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-Up Study in Vulnerable Populations: 1-Month Feasibility Results.

: In the United States, high rates of vision impairment and eye disease disproportionately impact those who lack access to eye care, specifically vulnerable populations. The objective of our study was to test instruments, implement protocols, and collect preliminary data for a larger 5-year study, which aims to improve detection of eye diseases and follow-up eye care in vulnerable populations using community health workers (CHW) and patient navigators. In the study, trained CHWs conducted vision screening and patient navigators scheduled on-site eye exams and arranged appointments for those referred to ophthalmology to improve adherence to follow-up eye care.

Progressive Thinning of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer in Glaucoma Eyes with Disc Hemorrhage.

Purpose: To evaluate the thinning of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) in primary open-angle glaucoma eyes with and without a history of disc hemorrhage (DH).

Design: Observational cohort study.

Participants: Thirty-nine 39 eyes (34 participants) with DH and 117 eyes (104 participants) without DH from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and the African Decent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study.

Global optical coherence tomography measures for detecting the progression of glaucoma have fundamental flaws.

Objective: To understand the problems involved in using global OCT measures for detecting progression in early glaucoma.

Subjects/methods: Eyes from 76 patients and 28 healthy controls (HC) had a least two OCT scans at least 1 year apart. To determine the 95% confidence intervals (CI), 151 eyes (49 HC and 102 patients) had at least two scans within 6 months.

Reasons why OCT Global Circumpapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness is a Poor Measure of Glaucomatous Progression.

Purpose: To assess the effects of local defects, segmentation errors, and improper image alignment on the performance of the commonly used optical coherence tomography (OCT) measure of progression, that is the change in global (average) circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness (ΔG).

Methods: One hundred fifty eyes suspected of, or with, early glaucoma had OCT circle and cube scans obtained using eye tracking on two occasions at least 1 year apart. Statistical progression was defined by fixed values of ΔG (3-8 um) and quantile regression.

Local Glaucomatous Defects of the Circumpapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Show a Variety of Patterns of Progression.

Precis: The region of glaucomatous progression, seen on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cRNFL), increases in width and depth in all eyes, but shows a variety of different patterns of loss across eyes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of cRNFL loss secondary to glaucomatous progression in a region associated with the superior hemifield of the 24-2/30-2 visual field (VF).

Methods: Twenty-four eyes (20 patients) with a diagnosis of glaucoma and evidence of progression on OCT had OCT disc cube scans on at least 3 separate visits (mean follow-up 7.