Primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy: a case report highlighting uncommon complication.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by elevated levels of calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, the interpretation of diagnostic tests, such as serum calcium and PTH levels, is complex in pregnant women. The aim of this report is to present a case of PHTP in a pregnant adolescent, with a special emphasis on an uncommon complication, as well as diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Stabilizing Edge Fluorination in Graphene Nanoribbons.

The on-surface synthesis of edge-functionalized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is challenged by the stability of the functional groups throughout the thermal reaction steps of the synthetic pathway. Edge fluorination is a particularly critical case in which the interaction with the catalytic substrate and intermediate products can induce the complete cleavage of the otherwise strong C-F bonds before the formation of the GNR. Here, we demonstrate how a rational design of the precursor can stabilize the functional group, enabling the synthesis of edge-fluorinated GNRs.

On-surface synthesis of superlattice arrays of ultra-long graphene nanoribbons.

We report the on-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbon superlattice arrays directed by the herringbone reconstruction of the Au(111) surface. The uniaxial anisotropy of the zigzag pattern of the reconstruction defines a one dimensional grid for directing the Ullmann polymerization and inducing periodic arrays of parallel ultra-long nanoribbons (>100 nm), where the periodicity is varied with coverage at discrete values following a hierarchical templating behavior.

Bottom-up synthesis of multifunctional nanoporous graphene.

Nanosize pores can turn semimetallic graphene into a semiconductor and, from being impermeable, into the most efficient molecular-sieve membrane. However, scaling the pores down to the nanometer, while fulfilling the tight structural constraints imposed by applications, represents an enormous challenge for present top-down strategies. Here we report a bottom-up method to synthesize nanoporous graphene comprising an ordered array of pores separated by ribbons, which can be tuned down to the 1-nanometer range.

Invasion rather than nuclear features correlates with outcome in encapsulated follicular tumors: further evidence for the reclassification of the encapsulated papillary thyroid carcinoma follicular variant.

The prognosis of the encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (EFVPTC) and its relationship to encapsulated follicular carcinoma (EFC) and follicular adenoma (FA) is subject to controversy. All EFVPTCs, EFCs, and FAs identified at a single institution between 1981 and 2003 were analyzed microscopically. A cohort of FAs from a different hospital was also examined.

Spin tuning of electron-doped metal-phthalocyanine layers.

The spin state of organic-based magnets at interfaces is to a great extent determined by the organic environment and the nature of the spin-carrying metal center, which is further subject to modifications by the adsorbate-substrate coupling. Direct chemical doping offers an additional route for tailoring the electronic and magnetic characteristics of molecular magnets. Here we present a systematic investigation of the effects of alkali metal doping on the charge state and crystal field of 3d metal ions in Cu, Ni, Fe, and Mn phthalocyanine (Pc) monolayers adsorbed on Ag.

Spin coupling and relaxation inside molecule-metal contacts.

Advances in molecular electronics depend on the ability to control the charge and spin of single molecules at the interface with a metal. Here we show that bonding of metal-organic complexes to a metallic substrate induces the formation of coupled metal-ligand spin states, increasing the spin degeneracy of the molecules and opening multiple spin relaxation channels. Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy reveals the sign and magnitude of intramolecular exchange coupling as well as the orbital character of the spin-polarized molecular states.

Thyroid cancer, thyroiditis and dietary iodine: a review based on the Salta, Argentina model.

Factors that should be considered when studying the effect of dietary iodine in the development of thyroid cancer include pathological criteria, diagnostic techniques, screening programs, radioactive fallout, and standard of medical care in the studied population. In most surveys, papillary carcinoma forms the largest group of thyroid malignancies, both before and after iodine prophylaxis where an increase in the papillary:follicular carcinoma ratio is also noted. Undifferentiated carcinomas decrease after salt prophylaxis.

Microscopic and spectroscopic characterization of paintbrush-like single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Understanding and controlling the chemical reactivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a fundamental requisite to prepare novel nanoscopic structures with practical uses in materials applications. Here, we present a comprehensive microscopic and spectroscopic characterization of carbon nanotubes which have been chemically modified. Specifically, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigations of short-oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) functionalized with aliphatic chains via amide reaction reveal the presence of bright lumps both on the sidewalls and at the tips.