Interoception and Emotion: A Potential Mechanism for Intervention With Manual Treatment.

Interoception is considered a perception pathway as important as the exteroceptive pathways for determining responses to maintain homeostasis. There is evidence about the influence of the interoception on emotional responses as these expressions are considered to be a combination of physical, environmental and individual beliefs. A large percentage of afferent fibers in the body are related to free nerve endings which, when stimulated, reach the insular cortex that participates in the process of emotions.

Effects of spinal manipulation and myofascial techniques on heart rate variability: A systematic review.

Background: The analysis of heart rate variability is important to the investigation of stimuli from the autonomic nervous system. Osteopathy is a form of treatment that can influence this system in healthy individuals as well as those with a disorder or disease.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review of the literature regarding the effect of spinal manipulation and myofascial techniques on heart rate variability.