Cannabidiol Modifies the Glutamate Over-Release in Brain Tissue of Patients and Rats with Epilepsy: A Pilot Study.

Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is associated with high extracellular levels of glutamate. Studies support the idea that cannabidiol (CBD) decreases glutamate over-release. This study focused on investigating whether CBD reduces the evoked glutamate release in cortical synaptic terminals obtained from patients with DRE as well as in a preclinical model of epilepsy.

Prognostic factors of unilateral prelemniscal radiations radiofrequency lesions: A surgical technique for the treatment of Parkinson's disease motor symptoms.

Objective: A group of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were managed with unilateral prelemniscal radiation radiofrequency lesions (U-Raprl). The current study aims to evaluate prognostic factors that could influence clinical response.

Methods: Patients previously diagnosed with PD managed with U-Raprl were included in the study, classifying them into two groups according to their percentage of clinical response ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Primary spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in COVID-19 patients: differences among presentation patterns - A systematic review.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if there are differences between the presentation patterns of hemorrhagic stroke (HS) associated to COVID-19.

Methods: It was performed a systematic search based on PRISMA guidelines of the cases reported in PUBMED of HS associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection and we added to this sample cases from our own hospital cohort. Patients in the database were separated by groups according to presentation symptoms: if they debuted with neurological symptoms or debuted with pulmonary symptoms.

Concordance and diagnostic yield of stereotactic biopsies for posterior fossa: Technique and experience in a reference hospital.

Aim: Describe our stereotactic brain biopsy (SBB) technique for intra-axial lesions of the posterior fossa, evaluate its effectiveness and safety, and compare them with other series.

Material And Methods: Retrospective study in ten consecutive patients, whose variables were age, gender, location of the lesions, clinical, radiological, and histopathological diagnoses, complications, and mortality, for analysis using descriptive statistics and tests of concordance and diagnostic validity.

Results: Lesions were pontine in seven cases, and pontomedullary in three occasions, with histopathological diagnoses of four Grade II astrocytomas, two Grade IV astrocytomas, two infectious process, one neuroblastic tumor, and one cavernous malformation, whose frequency differs from the previous reports (χ = 0.

Prelemniscal Radiations as a Target for the Treatment of Parkinson Disease - Individual Variations in the Stereotactic Location of Fiber Components: A Probabilistic Tractography Study.

Objective: Prelemniscal radiation (Raprl) lesions and deep brain stimulation effectively control motor symptoms of Parkinson disease, but individual variations in the stereotactic location of its fiber components constitute a significant concern. The objective of this study was to determine individual variations in the stereotactic location of fiber tracts composing Raprl.

Methods: Raprl fiber composition was determined in a group of 10 Parkinson patients and 10 matched controls using 3T magnetic resonance imaging, brain imaging processed for diffusion-weighted images, tract density imaging, and constrained spherical deconvolution.

Optimizing deep brain stimulation for the treatment of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy: a pilot study.

Objective: The authors sought to determine the antiseizure effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the parahippocampal cortex (PHC) for treatment of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).

Methods: After a 3-month baseline period, 6 adult patients with drug-resistant MTLE and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) had stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)-DBS electrodes implanted at the PHC for identification of the seizure onset zone (SOZ). Patients entered an 8-month, randomized, double-blind protocol for DBS, followed by a 12-month open-phase study.

Stereotactic biopsy for intracranial space occupying lesions: Experience in a referral hospital in Mexico.

Background: Stereotactic brain biopsy (SBB) is used for establishing the histological diagnosis of intracranial lesions that are not amenable for a direct surgical approach.

Objective: The objective of the study was to describe our experience having an evaluation of the biopsy sample by a neuropathologist during SBB.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 140 consecutive patients who underwent SBB between 2014 and 2018 in whom trans-operatory analysis of the sample was performed.

Olfactory function in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy; correlation of functional magnetic resonance imaging for olfaction with the laterality of the epileptic focus.

Unlabelled: The olfactory function shares the same cerebral structures as those involved in the origin and propagation of focal temporal lobe seizures. Likewise, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows the study of olfactory function. This suggests that by quantitatively studying the olfactory function with an olfactory paradigm through fMRI it is possible to identify the functional alteration produced by the epileptic focus.

Resection of meningiomas in a different location (sphenoid wing and tuberculum sellae) through a single craniotomy report of a case and review of the literature.

Meningiomas are the most frequent extra-axial tumors of the nervous system. Multiple meningiomas are defined as the presence of two or more lesions that appear simultaneously or not, in different intracranial location, without association to neurofibromatosis. Each lesion must be evaluated individually for treatment, which consists in microsurgical resection in most cases.

Specific movement and disability improvements in Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale derived from pallidotomy in refractory patients to medical treatment.

Background: Dystonia is a movement disorder associated with significant disability and is usually refractory to medical treatment. Pallidotomy may decrease dystonic movements. The aim of this study was to quantify movement and disability improvements through Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS).

Hemorrhagic stroke associated to COVID-19 infection in Mexico General Hospital.

IntroducciÓn: en la actual pandemia de COVID-19, existe evidencia creciente que ha identificado el neurotropismo del virus SARS-CoV-2 y sus complicaciones neurológicas, incluida la enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica y escasamente hemorragia cerebral (HC).

Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, radiológicas, de laboratorio y pronósticas de los pacientes con HC asociada al SARS-CoV-2.

MÉtodos: se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos con prueba de PCR confirmatoria para infección por SARS-CoV-2 y HC.

Centromedian Nucleus and Epilepsy.

Centromedian thalamic nucleus is an intralaminar nucleus with vast connectivity to cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. It receives afferents from the brain stem through the central tegmental tract and is part of the diffuse thalamic projection system. Because the reticulothalamic system has been related to initiation and propagation of epileptic activity (centroencephalic theory of epilepsy), deep brain stimulation has been proposed to interfere with seizure genesis or propagation.

Women in Neurosurgery: First Neurosurgeon in Latin America and Current Mexican Leaders.

Background: History has taught us that Mexican culture has been largely supported by women, despite gender prejudice from the society. Neurosurgery has not been the exception. Therefore, we investigated the challenges and influence of female neurosurgeons in Mexico.

Cannabidiol Acts at 5-HT Receptors in the Human Brain: Relevance for Treating Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Experimental evidence indicates that cannabidiol (CBD) induces anxiolytic and antiepileptic effects through the activation of 5-HT receptors. These receptors are coupled to G proteins and induce inhibitory effects. At present, the interaction of CBD with 5-HT receptors in the human brain is unknown.

Radiofrequency ablation of the centromedian thalamic nucleus in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy.

Objective: To determine the usefulness and efficacy of radiofrequency ablations (RFA) of the Centromedian thalamic nucleus (CMN) to control primarily generalized or multifocal seizures in refractory epilepsy.

Methods: Six patients with clinical diagnosis of multifocal or primarily generalized drug-resistant epilepsy were included. Bilateral RFA of the CMN was performed through a monopolar 1.

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor and temporal arachnoid cyst on a child with epilepsy. Which one to operate? Case report and literature review.

A 6 year-old male, with seizures characterized by abnormal epigastric sensation, behavioral arrest, upper extremities search automatisms and secondary tonic-clonic generalization. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a hypointense cystic extra-axial image with an increase in the thickness of the convolutions in the first and second gyri of the right frontal lobe. It was decided to resect the frontal lesion with transoperative motor mapping.

Long-Term Improvement of Parkinson Disease Motor Symptoms Derived From Lesions of Prelemniscal Fiber Tract Components.

Background: Prelemniscal radiations (Raprl) are composed of different fiber tracts, connecting the brain stem and cerebellum with basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. In Parkinson disease (PD), lesions in Raprl induce improvement of tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia in some patients, while others show improvement of only 1 or 2 symptoms, suggesting different fiber tracts mediate different symptoms.

Objective: To search for correlations between improvements of specific symptoms with surgical lesions of specific fiber tract components of Raprl in patients with PD.

Radiofrequency Ablation of Prelemniscal Radiations for the Treatment of Non-Parkinsonian Tremor.

Objective: Previous reports proposed prelemniscal radiations (Raprl) as a target to treat motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, and this was found particularly effective to control rest and postural tremor. However, tremor of other etiologies has been seldom treated with deep brain stimulation or ablation in this target. We present a series of such cases successfully treated by Raprl radiofrequency (RF) lesions.

Hemifacial Spasm Associated with Compression of the Facial Colliculus by a Choroid Plexus Papilloma of the Fourth Ventricle.

Background: Hemifacial spasm is an involuntary condition that involves muscles innervated by the ipsilateral facial nerve. There are secondary causes of hemifacial spasm that can produce a typical presentation of symptoms. Extrinsic compression of the facial colliculus at the floor of the fourth ventricle is responsible for <0.

[Intracranial electrode recording prognostic value in anterior temporal lobectomy and hypocampectomy].

Unlabelled: The experience obtained in the Epilepsy Clinic of the General Hospital of México in regard to the use of intracraneal electrodes to determine the epileptic tissue that must be resected in an anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalo-hippocampectomy in patients with intractable mesial temporal lobe seizures is described. The data obtained while recording the electroencephalographic activity with these electrodes to learn about its impact in the postsurgical result (seizure reduction and complications) both in the first year and long-term (up to 17 years) follow-up was analyzed. Fifty seven patients implanted between years 1993-2008 were included.