Drug resistant epilepsy of the insular lobe: A review and update article.

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic disease that affects millions of people around the world generating great expenses and psychosocial problems burdening the public health in different ways. A considerable number of patients are refractory to the drug treatment requiring a more detailed and specialized investigation to establish the most appropriate therapeutic option. Insular epilepsy is a rare form of focal epilepsy commonly drug resistant and has much of its investigation and treatment involved with the surgical management at some point.

Proteomics pinpoints alterations in grade I meningiomas of male versus female patients.

Meningiomas are among the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and originate from the arachnoid or meningothelial cells of the meninges. Surgery is the first option of treatment, but depending on the location and invasion patterns, complete removal of the tumor is not always feasible. Reports indicate many differences in meningiomas from male versus female patients; for example, incidence is higher in females, whereas males usually develop the malignant and more aggressive type.

Microsurgical Resection of Cerebellopontine Angle Meningioma.

Meningiomas of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) are the second most frequent lesions related to this region (around 10-15%), 1 being the vestibular schwannomas the first (around 85%). This lesions arise from the dura of the petrosal surface of the temporal bone, lateral to the trigeminal nerve ( Fig. 1 ).

Combined Presigmoid and Retrosigmoid Approach to Petroclival Meningiomas.

 The management of petroclival meningiomas is among the most intimidating in neurosurgery, due to its difficult accessibility and close relationship with vital structures; therefore, an appropriate exposure is mandatory. We present a surgical video demonstrating a presigmoid transtentorial approach, associated with the opening of the retrosigmoid dura to a petroclival meningioma, performed by the senior surgeon (L.A.